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Time and Motion Theory

Time and motion studies were developed by Frederick Taylor and the Gilbreths to determine the most efficient way to complete tasks. The process involves breaking jobs down into elements, observing workers, calculating average element times, and establishing standard times. While time and motion studies can be effective for planning and process improvement, they have drawbacks as workers may feel resentful and change their behaviors during studies.

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Srirup Goswami
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614 views

Time and Motion Theory

Time and motion studies were developed by Frederick Taylor and the Gilbreths to determine the most efficient way to complete tasks. The process involves breaking jobs down into elements, observing workers, calculating average element times, and establishing standard times. While time and motion studies can be effective for planning and process improvement, they have drawbacks as workers may feel resentful and change their behaviors during studies.

Uploaded by

Srirup Goswami
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TIME AND MOTION

THEORY

Presented by:-
Name: Srirup Goswami
Roll: 10DM026
Sec: PGDM (A)
MEANING:
•A method created to determine the ‘correct time’ it takes to
complete a certain task
•A method to establish ‘the one best way to perform a task’

PURPOSES:

•To end ‘goofing off’ and to establish what constituted a fair


days work
•To make sure that the job being evaluated does not include
any unnecessary motion by the worker
BRIEF HISTORY

•Frederick W. Taylor and his followers developed and


refined the Time Study
•Frank B. Gilbreth and his wife Lillian developed and
refined the Motion Study
•Historically the two studies are discussed individually,
today they generally are discussed as one and time
and motion study have to be used together in order to
achieve rational and reasonable results.
EFFECTIVENESS OF T&M STUDIES

•T&M Studies can be effective for performance evaluations


•T&M Studies can be used for planning purposes in order to
predict the level of output that may be achieved
•T&M Studies can be used to uncover problems and create
solutions
•T&M Studies can be used for time cost analysis.

•T&M Studies can be used for allocation of time to various


‘productive’ and ‘non-productive’ tasks.
•T&M Studies can be used for the review of alternatives to make
the best use of time.
HOW IT WORKS?
STEP BY STEP

1. Establish the standard job method.


2. Break down the
job into elements
3. Study the job.
4. Rate the worker’s performance.
5. Compute the average element time.
Element time
Average element time =
Number of cycles
HOW IT WORKS?
STEP BY STEP(CONTD…..)
6. Compute the normal time

Normal time = Average element time (Rating Factor)


7. Compute the Standard time

Standard time = Total normal time (1 + Allowance factor)

Non-work time
where, Allowance Factor =
Total time
A PROBLEM…
Elements Element time Rating Factor
T (mins.)
Compute the
1 2.51 1.10
standard time
2 5.29 1.15 for this job
using an
3 4.21 1.10 allowance
factor of 20
4 3.57 1.05
percent.
Element Element Rating Avg. Normal
SOLUTION time
T(min)
Factor Element
time
t(min)
Time

Use the formula 1 2.51 1.10 .251 .2761


Avg. element time(Rating
Factor)=Normal time 2 5.29 1.15 .529 .6084
Element 1
Avg. elemental 3 4.21 1.10 .421 .4631
time=2.51/10=.251
Hence, NT=(.251)(1.10)=.2761 4 3.57 1.05 .357 .3749
Element 2
(.529)(1.15)=.6084
And so on for element 3 and 4
SOLUTION CONTD….
We know that,
Standard time=Total Normal time (1+Allowance
Factor)
So, Total Normal Time
=(.2761+.6084+.4631+.3749)=1.73
Hence, Standard time =1.73 (1+.20) =2.08
So, Standard time for each element of this job is 2.08
minutes.
DRAWBACKS OF T&M STUDIES
1. Observers are not always competent.
2. Those conducting the study are not always proficient in the
job being observed.
3. The actions observed are not always reflective of the group as
a whole.
Workers may not cooperate with a time and motion study:
4. They may resent the study if it is being used to determine the
pay scale.
5. Workers may change the rate at which they work.
6. Pressure may increase mistakes made.
7. Workers may alter normal work methods to disrupt the study.
REFERENCE:

1. http://
www.encyclopedia.com/topic/time_and_motion_study.asp
x
2. http://
www.scribd.com/doc/31724648/Time-and-motion-study
3. www.freequality.org/documents/.../
Time%20and%20Motion%20Study
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_motion_study

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