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Chapter 3 Developing The Whole Person

Rene Descartes' theory of mind-body dualism influenced Western thinking by viewing things in a simple, dualistic way of separating body and spirit. General Jan Smuts introduced the concept of holism in his book, defining it as systems forming wholes greater than the sum of their parts. Later, Gestalt psychologists like Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka expanded on this, noting that something made of many parts can be more than just the combination of those parts. When considering the human person, five aspects make up this complex organism: the physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and spiritual.

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Rocel Domingo
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389 views

Chapter 3 Developing The Whole Person

Rene Descartes' theory of mind-body dualism influenced Western thinking by viewing things in a simple, dualistic way of separating body and spirit. General Jan Smuts introduced the concept of holism in his book, defining it as systems forming wholes greater than the sum of their parts. Later, Gestalt psychologists like Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka expanded on this, noting that something made of many parts can be more than just the combination of those parts. When considering the human person, five aspects make up this complex organism: the physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and spiritual.

Uploaded by

Rocel Domingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Holistic

Development
Mind and Body Dualism of Descartes

Rene Descartes
influenced much of mankind’s thinking
with his theory of duality or understanding
the nature of things in a simple, dual mode.
Mind and Body Dualism of Descartes

Examples:
The separation of body and spirit of western
religion.
The yin and yang
Holism and Gestalt

General Jan C. Smuts


A South African statesman, military leader and
philosopher, wrote about holism in his book
Holism and evolution.
Holism and Gestalt

He introduced the academic terminology for


holism as “the tendency in nature to form wholes
which are greater than the sum of the parts
through creative evolution.
Holism and Gestalt
Earlier in 1890
A German philosopher and psychologist,
Christian von Ehrehfels, and later on supported
by psychologists Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka
and Wolfgang Kohler of the Berlin school,
introduced the concept of Gestalt.
Holism and Gestalt
According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, It is
defined as “something that is made of many parts and
yet is somehow more than or different from the
combination of its parts; broadly the general quality or
character of something”.
Holism and Gestalt
Examples:

Music
Car
Human
When we consider a human person and what various
aspects make up this complex organism, five aspects come
to mind:
Physiological or the physical attributes including the five physical senses.
Cognitive or the intellectual functions of the mind, thinking, recognizing,
reasoning, analyzing, projecting, synthesizing, recalling, and assessing.
Psychological or how thinking, feeling and behaving interact and happen in
person.
Social or the manner by which an individual interacts with another
individuals or groups of individual.
Spiritual or the attribute of a person’s consciousness and beliefs, including
the values and that guide and put meeting into a person’s life
Psychologists often refer to basic human drives as those that
are biologically related such as hunger and thirst. Affect, on the
other hand, is the various emotional experiences such as
emotions, moods, affective traits (Feist and Roseberg 2012).
Feelings and Emotions

Feelings, moods and emotions do not


exactly mean one and the same.
Six basic emotions that human
beings experience:
Happiness
Sadness
Fear
Anger
Surprise
Disgust
Feelings and Emotions

Emotion is taken from the Latin verb,


Movare, which means to move or be
upset or agitated.
Feelings and Emotions

It is defined by Smith (1973) as a


descriptive term referring to variations
in level of arousal, affective state or
mood, expressive movements and
attitudes (Sanchez, Abad and Jao, 2012)

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