Scribd
Upload
208 views

An Enhancement On The Traditional Concept Wherein The Radio Is and Its, Is Able To, and Is Capable of Following

Cognitive radio is an emerging concept that improves spectrum utilization by allowing radios to be aware of their environment and independently alter their transmission behavior. A cognitive radio can sense available spectrum and communicate on unused frequencies without interfering with other licensed users. It has abilities like spectrum sensing, analysis, mobility and sharing. Realizing cognitive radio capabilities faces challenges of detecting spectrum opportunities while avoiding interference. Potential applications include dynamic spectrum access for military, public safety and commercial users.

Uploaded by

Anusha Somavarapu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
208 views

An Enhancement On The Traditional Concept Wherein The Radio Is and Its, Is Able To, and Is Capable of Following

Cognitive radio is an emerging concept that improves spectrum utilization by allowing radios to be aware of their environment and independently alter their transmission behavior. A cognitive radio can sense available spectrum and communicate on unused frequencies without interfering with other licensed users. It has abilities like spectrum sensing, analysis, mobility and sharing. Realizing cognitive radio capabilities faces challenges of detecting spectrum opportunities while avoiding interference. Potential applications include dynamic spectrum access for military, public safety and commercial users.

Uploaded by

Anusha Somavarapu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

ABSTRACT

An enhancement on the traditional software radio concept


wherein the radio is aware of its environment and its
capabilities, is able to independently alter its physical
layer behavior, and is capable of following complex
adaptation strategies.
Primary
Network

Terminals with
sensing and
communication
capabilities

Secondary
Network
CONTENTS
WHAT A COGNITIVE RADIO IS?
HISTORY
ARCHITECTURE
OBJECTIVES
CLASSIFICATION
FUNCTIONS
REQUIREMENTS
CHALLENGES
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WHAT A COGNITIVE RADIO IS ?
Cognitive radio(CR) is an
emerging concept in
wireless access, aimed at
improving the way radio
spectrum is utilized.

It signifies a radio that


employs model based
reasoning to achieve a
specified level of
competence in radio
related domains
Spectrum occupation from 1.39 to 5.923 GHz
Cognitive Radio is a promising
tool for…
Access to spectrum
 finding an open
frequency and
using it
Interoperability
 talking to legacy
radios using a
Cognitive Radio variety of
Platform incompatible
waveforms
COGNITIVE RADIO MEANS “SMART” AND “ALERT”
HISTORY
Presented officially in an article by Joseph Mitola III and
Gerald Q. Maguire, Jr in 1999

“If you look at the entire RF frequency up to 100 GHz,


and take a snapshot at any given time, you’ll see that
only 5 to 10 percent of it is being used. So there’s 90
GHz of available bandwidth.”
Ed Thomas, Former Chief Engineer at the FCC
SPECTRUM UTILIZATION
Cognitive radio scenarios:
Example
Spectrum Sharing
Spectrum Demand Frequency
DVB-T
UMTS
UMTS
Spectrum
Guard
Band
DVB-T
Spectrum

GSM GSM
Spectrum

Time Time
S o u rce F T R & D
Spectrum Sharing
Existing techniques for spectrum sharing

Drawbacks of existing techniques

New radio design philosophy: all parameters are


adaptive
Cognitive Radio Technology
ARCHITECTURE
Sensing Main Controller
Module
Utility

Case and Channel


Knowledge Modeler and
Reasoner Predictor

Multi-objective
REM Optimizer
Spectrum
Manager

WRAN Cognitive Engine


OBJECTIVES
 Efficient spectrum management and utilization

 Multistandards reconfigurability

 Novel spectrum sensing techniques enabling opportunistic spectrum


utilization decisions

 Frequency selection

 Interference management and control enabling multistandards co-


existence
Cont.
 Resource management and power allocation algorithms

 Localization techniques

 Environment discovery

 Distributed resource allocation and scheduling

 Collaborative communication strategies

 Distributed protocols
Novel spectrum sensing technique
Radio Environment RF
stimuli

Transmitted
signal RF
stimuli
Spectrum
holes
information SPECTRUM
SPECTRUM
SENSING
DECISION
Spectrum
holes
Channel
information
Capacity

SPECTRUM
ANALYSIS
CLASSIFICATION

Full Cognitive Radio

Spectrum Sensing Cognitive Radio


Cont.

Licensed Band Cognitive Radio

Unlicensed Band Cognitive Radio


FUNCTIONS
Spectrum Sensing

Spectrum Management

Spectrum Mobility

Spectrum Sharing
REQUIREMENTS
Cognitive radio requirements
 co-exists with legacy wireless systems
 uses their spectrum resources
 does not interfere with them
Cognitive radio properties
RF technology that "listens" to huge swaths of spectrum
Knowledge of primary users’ spectrum usage as a
function of location and time
Rules of sharing the available resources (time,
frequency, space)
Embedded intelligence to determine optimal
transmission (bandwidth, latency, QoS) based on
primary users’ behavior
CHALLENGES
Detecting an empty slot

 Jumping out quickly

Silent Receiver

 Hidden Transmitter
APPLICATIONS
SPECTRUM POOLING
 Military

 Public Safety

 Broader Impacts and Commercial Use

RENTING OF RADIO SPECTRUM


Area of possible cognitive radio operation
Interference
boundaries

Area of possible
cognition

Primary network

Spectrum Etiquette
(Listen before to talk,
interference mitigation,… )
CONCLUSION
Cognitive radio can enable significant spectrum
reuse.

Cognitive radio techniques offer a promising


approach to dynamic spectrum allocation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 S. Haykin, “Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless
Communications, ” IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications,
vol. 23, no. 2, Feb. 2005.
 J. Mitola III, “Cognitive radio for flexible mobile Multimedia
communications,” in Proc. of 6th International Workshop on Mobile
Multimedia Communications (MoMuC), San Diego, CA, Nov. 1999, pp.
3-10.
 J. Mitola. III and G. Q. Maguire. Jr., “Cognitive radio making software
radios more personal,” IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, Vol.
6, no. 4, pp. 13-18, Aug. 1999
 J. O. Neel, J. H. Reed, and R. P. Gilles, “Convergence of cognitive radio
networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking
Conference (WCNC), Atlanta, Georgia, Mar. 2004, pp. 2250–2255

You might also like