UNIT 4.

INTERACTION

4th Grade Primary School / Natural Science

Beatriz Álvarez Amor
Colegio San Agustín
 INTERACTIO
N
It is a vital function of living things. Human beings have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

We use our senses to detect stimulus around us and send messages to the brain.

1 2 3

Our sense organs The NERVIOUS

receive information SYSTEM interprets The
from our this information MUSCULOSKELETAL
SURROUNDINGS. and decides SYSTEM allows us to
This is called how to respond. carry out those
STIMULUS. responses.
For example:
For example: The decision in to For example:
It is raining open an umbrella. Open the umbrella
 THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
It is the body´s control centre where messages come in, decision are made and orders are given to the rest of the body on how to react.

Parts of the nervous system

Cerebrum

Cerebellum The brain Nerves

brainstem
It receives
They carry
information sent by
information from the
the sense organs
sense organs to the
and gives orders
brain and from the
about how the body
brain to the rest of
should respond.
the organs.
 SIGH Our EYES are sense organs that take in light and give us sight.
T

It is surrounded by other
The eyeball protective parts that keep it safe

- It is the main part of the eye.

-It is a round-shaped organ made up of these

parts: 1. EYEBROWS and
EYELASHES help keep
dust and sweat out of the
2. The IRIS is eyes.
the coloured
circle at the
front of the eye. 1. The PUPIL
It can be green, is the black
brown and blue. circle in the
middle of the
IRIS. It lets
light into the
eye.
2. LACRIMAL
GLANDS produce tears 3. EYELID stops excess
that keep the eye clean light from coming in and
3. The RETINA is a layer of cells inside the eye. It turns the light and moist. damaging the eye.
that enters the eye into NERVE SIGNALS so the brain can
understand what the eye is seeing.
 HEARIN The EAR is the sense organ that we use to hear sounds. It has three part:

G 3. EARDRUM is a thin piece 4. OSSICLES BONES: They are three

2. EAR CANAL: the sound of skin. When the sound is tiny bones. The vibration of the
travels to the eardrum. here, it begins to vibrate. Eardrum move along this until they
reach the COCHLEA.

5. COCHLEA is a small,
spiral shaped cavity.
1. Sound
Tiny hairs in the cochlea
enters
send signals along the
though EAR
AUDITORY NERVE to the
FLAP or
brain, which is interprets as
PINNA.
sound.

The outer ear The middle The Inner ear

(Ear flap and ear canal)
ear
(Cochlea and
(Eardrum and auditory nerve)
ossicles bones)
SMELL We use our NOSE to smell things. “We can distinguish the fragrance or odour of things”.

OLFACTORY BULB identifies different smells and sends this information to the brain.

The NASAL SEPTUM NASAL CAVITY

divides the nasal cavity into
two parts.

NOSTRIL has two holes

at the end of the nose
where air comes in an
goes out.
 TAST
E
We can experience different flavours.

The tongue

It is the sense organ that allows us to taste things. In order to taste the flavours of food, the tongue needs to
mix food with SALIVA.

It is covered in tiny BUMPS called TASTE BUDS that help us identify four basic tastes:

1. SOUR 2.
BITTER

4. SALTY
3. SWEET
 TOUC
H
It allows us to experience hot and cold temperatures, pain and the texture of an object. Though touch, we collect this
information and send it to the brain.

“SKIN is the sense organ for touch”. It allows us to feel the texture of an object is rough or smooth

1. Skin covers the whole body and protects the organs inside.

2. Skin is made up of several layers and is constantly renewed.

 The BRAIN receives the
information and produces
responses that the
musculoskeletal system
receives.

The SENSORY
The NERVES
MUSCULOSKELET
AL RESPOND TO A carry information from
the sense organs to the
SYSTEM carries out
the order from the STIMULUS brain.

brain.
The SENSE ORGANS
respond to a stimulus and
send vibration to the brain
through the sensory nerves.

For example:
Sound The brain receives The
vibrations reach the information and musculoskeletal
A cat meows and the his auditory understands that system carries out
sound travels to nerve, which the cat is hungry. the order and
Daniel´s ear sends this It sends out a Daniel stands up
information to command to to feed the cat.
the brain feed the cat.
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM It is an structure that connect the
They are soft and flexible and help the body to move.
They carry messages to and from the brain. They give
us the ability to move our body in different ways.
The skeleton BONES in our body. They protect The muscles
our INTERNAL ORGANS.
Skull
Skul In some parts of the body, like the knee or elbow,
l bones are connected through JOINTS.
Jaw
Jaw
Clavicle
Clavice

Scapula Frontalis muscle

Jaw muscle
Sternum
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid
Humerus
Deltoids
Spine Biceps
Ulna
Radius Pectoral
Coccyx
Abdominals
Pelvis Triceps

Phalanges Gluteus
Quadriceps
Femur
Tibia

Fibula
Calf
muscles
 HEALTHY HEALTHY
HABITS Look after your senses
EATING
We need to take in many different types of nutrients. The best way to do
this is with a BALANCED DIET ( Food with proteins, vitamins,
- Read with appropriate light. minerals, carbohydrates, fats and water).
- Avoid looking directly at the sun.
- Brush your teeth after every meal.
- Have a good hygiene everyday.
- Protect your skin from the sunlight.
- Don´t put objects in your ear. - Eat five times a day: breakfast, morning snack,
lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. It is good a piece
of fruit or a yogurt in between meals.

Look after our muscles

and skeleton Look after your - Avoid eating too much fat.
nervous system
- Exercise every day. - Always have breakfast because it is the
- Carry your bag on your - Sleep nine hours a most important meal of the day.
back using both shoulders. day.
- Be careful and avoid - Spend time with your - Don´t eat less food than your body need because
accidents. family and friends. through a lack of nutrients, we can get ill.
- Eat healthy food - Don´t spend excessive
- Keep a good posture by time watching TV,
sitting and walking up playing computer games
straight. or talking on
the phone.