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Voice Over Internet

This document provides an overview of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. It defines VoIP as a protocol for carrying voice conversations over IP networks. It explains that VoIP allows high quality voice transmission over broadband, carrying telephony signals as digital audio packets. It also discusses reasons for using VoIP like toll bypass and network consolidation. The document outlines key VoIP components, how VoIP works using protocols like SIP, challenges like bandwidth, latency and packet loss, and codecs used to compress audio for transmission.

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Debanjan Konar
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23 views

Voice Over Internet

This document provides an overview of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. It defines VoIP as a protocol for carrying voice conversations over IP networks. It explains that VoIP allows high quality voice transmission over broadband, carrying telephony signals as digital audio packets. It also discusses reasons for using VoIP like toll bypass and network consolidation. The document outlines key VoIP components, how VoIP works using protocols like SIP, challenges like bandwidth, latency and packet loss, and codecs used to compress audio for transmission.

Uploaded by

Debanjan Konar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VOICE OVER INTERNET

PROTOCOL(VoIP)

Debanjan Konar
Dept of Computer sc & Engg.
Mtech in MSS
Roll No.-14
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• What is VoIP
• Why VoIP
• VoIP Technology
• How VoIP works
• VoIP Challenges
• VoIP Codec
INTRODUCTION

• Broadband is a faster way for us to gain access to the


Internet.

• Due to increase in broadband, many new applications


have been created with enormous benefits to the user.

• The most prominent example is the development of


VoIP.
WHAT IS VoIP ?
• VoIP is a protocol optimized for the transmission of
voice through the Internet

• VoIP allows high quality two-way voice transmission


over broadband connections.

• VoIP system carry telephony signals as digital audio,


encapsulated in data packet stream over IP.
WHAT IS VoIP ?
WHY VOIP ?
• VoIP typically include Toll-bypass allows long-
distance calls to be placed without incurring the usual
toll charges.

• Through network consolidation, voice, video, and


data can be carried over a single network .

• With service convergence, enhanced functionality can


be implemented.
VOIP CALLS IN IP NETWORK
THE VoIP TECHNOLOGY
• VoIP is a family of technology that enable voice
communications using IP networks .

• VoIP is a core technology that drives things like voice


chat software.

• VoIP is the fabulous secret ingredient in


Vonage,skype,google-talk, Cisco .
THE VoIP COMPONENTS
HOW VoIP WORKS
• VoIP converts the user voice signal into digital signal
,compressed packets.

• Voice samples are encapsulated in RTP and before


being transmitted in an IP frame.

• At the receiving end reassembled and decoded


packets arrives normal sounding voice call .
HOW VoIP WORKS(SIP)
VOIP CHALLENGES
• Available bandwidth
• Network latency
• Packet Loss
• Jitter
• Echo
• Security
• Reliability
QUALITY OF VOICE

• For voice communications over IP the delay needs


to be less than a threshold value.

To ensure good quality of voice these are required

• Echo Cancellation
• Packet Prioritization
• Forward Error Correction.
DELAY
FRAME LOSS

• VoIP frames traverse an IP network, which is


unreliable due to network congestion or data
corruption.

• In the simplest case, the terminal leaves a gap in the


voice stream if a voice sample is missing.

• If too many frames are lost, the speech will sound


choppy with syllables or words missing.
FRAME LOSS
CODEC I(0% LOSS) I(2% RANDOM I(5% RANDOM
FRAME LOSS) FRAME LOSS)
G.711 without PLC 0 35 55

G.711 with PLC 0 7 15


G.729A 11 9 26
G.723.1 (6.3 kbps) 15 24 32

Based on the previous voice samples, the decoder will


predict what the missing frames should be. This technique
is known as Packet Loss Concealment (PLC).
PACKET LOSS AND JITTER
VOIP CODEC
• A codec converts an audio signal into compressed
digital form for transmission and then back into an
uncompressed audio signal for replay.

• Phone No is converted into IP address. Simple


format for addressing:
<user | phone number>@<domain | hostname | IP
address>
VOIP CODEC

CODING STANDARD ALGORITHM DATA RATE

G.711 PLC(Pulse Code Modulation) 64 kbps

G.726 ADPCM(Adaptive Differential 16, 24, 32, 40 kbps


Pulse Code Modulation)
G.728 LD-CELP(Low Delay Code 16 kbps
Excited Linear Prediction)
G.729 CS-ACELP(Conjugate 8 kbps
Structure Algebraic CELP)
G.723.1 MP-MLQ(Multi-Pulse 6.3 kbps
Maximum Likelihood
Quantization)
REFERENCES
1.Managing VoIP Quality of Experience on Your Network
Jeff Hicks, VoIP Architect, NetQoS, Inc.
2. Voice over IP : Protocols and Standards
file:///H:/edonkey/docs/programming/SYNGRESS
3. ITU-T Recommendation G.723.1 (1996), Speech coders:
4. IETF RFC 2543 (3/1999), H Schulzrinne, J Rosenberg, "The IETF Internet
Telephony Architecture and Protocols", IEEE Network, May/June 1999 pp. 18-23
5.http://207.127.135.8/ni/private/1999/may/schulzrinne.html
6. Configuring Cisco Voice Over IP-Angus Ma
7.[Techguide] "Voice over IP", 24 pages,
http://www.techguide.com/comm/sec_html/voiceip.shtml
8. Configuring Cisco Voice Over IP-http://www.cis.ohio
state.edu/~jain/cis788-99/voip_protocols/index.html
• http://communication.howstuffworks.com/ip-telephony.htm
• http://www.fcc.gov/voip/
• http://www.discover-voip.info/branded-voip/branded-voip.html
• http://www.packetizer.com/ipmc/papers/understanding_voip/hype_vs_reality.html

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