THIRD QUARTER: Force, Motion & Energy

Unit IV:
Motion in One Dimension
 FORCE is the cause of motion and
Why
How doesdo
Observeforceobjects
influence
the move?
movement?
pictures…
changes in motion.
 FORCE
-Push or Pull
-Makes things in
motion or stops it
 When we say
things in MOTION,
they are moving from one
point to another point
with respect to its
Reference Point.
With the simple definition of force, we can say
that everything that we do, we apply force.

WHAT FORCES
CAN DO?
Effects of Forces on Objects

1. Force can transfer

energy to an object to
make it move.
Force is applied to the object.
Force is applied
to the object.
 Effects of Forces on Objects

2. Force can stop a

moving object.

Force applied is opposite the direction of the moving

object and is enough to stop the object.
 Force applied is opposite the
direction of the moving object and is
enough to stop the object.
 Effects of Forces on Objects

3. Force can change the

speed of a moving object.

Additional force is applied along the direction of the

moving object.
Additional force is applied
along the direction of the
moving object.
 Effects of Forces on Objects

4. Force can change the

size and shape of an
object.
Forces from opposite directions are applied on an
object and the object is malleable.
 Forces from opposite
directions are applied on an
object and the object is
malleable.
 Effects of Forces on Objects

5. Force can change the

position or direction of
movement of an object.
Force applied is from left or right of the moving object.
Force applied is from
left or right of the
moving object.
WHAT FORCES CAN DO?
Force makes things…
move
move faster
move slower or stop
change direction
change shape
Force
-is a simple push or pull and in
nature produces many different
types of motion.

Motion
-change in position or movement of an
object with respect to its reference point
• The UNIT of FORCE
is Newton (N) named
in honor of Sir Isaac
Newton
–Can be measured using a
spring scale, commonly
known as Spring Balance
which was invented by
Robert Hooke
Lesson 1:
Different Types
of Forces
Kinds of Forces
1. Contact Force
–Result from direct contact
between 2 objects
2. Non-contact Force
–Forces acting on a distance
 Contact Forces
• FRICTION FORCE
–Opposes motion
–Movement will not be possible
3 KINDS OF FRICTION
STATIC FRICTION: 2 Stationary surfaces
that resist motion
SLIDING FRICTION: Resistance of
objects in motion through sliding
ROLLING FRICTION: Resistance to
motion from rollers
 Is Friction
considered
desirable or
undesirable?
To reduce Friction:
• Using lubricants, grease or oil
• Using wheels or rollers, balls
and bearings
• Streamlining by filling,
sandpapering, or scrubbing
 Contact Forces
•APPLIED FORCE
– Force which is applied to an object by another
object. 
– A person pushing a cabinet is an example of
applied force. When the person pushes the
cabinet then there is an applied force acting
upon the cabinet. The applied force is the force
exerted on the cabinet by the person and it
responsible for the motion of the cabinet.
 Contact Forces
•NORMAL FORCE
– The normal force is also called Support force.
The normal force is the support force exerted
upon an object that is in contact with another
fixed or stable object.
– For example, if a book is resting upon a surface,
then the surface is exerting an upward force
upon the book in order to support the weight of
the book. The solid ground provides the normal
force for all of us.
 Contact Forces
• TENSION FORCE
–An object that is being stretched
experiences a tension force. For
example, a cable holding a ceiling
lamp.
Contact Forces
Non-Contact Forces
• GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
–Force of Gravity
–Force of attraction between two
objects
–Causes all objects thrown upward to
always fall and move toward the
center of the Earth
 Gravitational Force
• Force with which objects pull one
another
• Force that keeps us bound to the
Earth
• Force that makes the Earth and other
planets revolve around the sun
Law of Universal Gravitation
• every particle attracts every other
particle in the universe with a force
 which is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and 
inversely proportional to the square
of the distance between their
centers.
 Universal Gravitation
• Newton realized that gravity acts
everywhere in the universe, not just on
Earth.
• It is the force that makes an apple fall to
the ground.
• It is the force that keeps the moon
orbiting around Earth.
• It is the force that keeps all the planets in
our solar system orbiting around the sun.
• What Newton realized is now called the
law of universal gravitation.
• The law of universal gravitation states
that the force of gravity acts between all
objects in the universe.
• This means that any two objects in the
universe, without exception, attract each
other.
• You are attracted not only to Earth but
also to all the other objects around you.
• Earth and the objects around you are
attracted to you as well.
• However, you do not notice the
attraction among objects because
these forces are small compared to
the force of Earth’s attraction.
 What do you
think would
happen if there
is no gravity?
 WEIGHT
• The measure of the pull of gravity
• Weight is a force, unit is Newton (N)
• Weight of objects depend on 2 things
–Mass & Strength of Gravity
•Mass: amount of matter an
object has
»It is constant and not affected
by gravity
 How to calculate weight:
• Formula:

W=mg
W=Weight
m=Mass
g=Acceleration due to gravity
Acceleration Due to Gravity
Acceleration Due to Gravity Comparison
Body Acceleration Due to Gravity, "g" [m/s²]
Sun 274.13
Mercury 3.59
Venus 8.87
Earth 9.81
Moon 1.62
Mars 3.77
Jupiter 25.95
Saturn 11.08
Uranus 10.67
Neptune 14.07
Pluto 0.42
Example:
Find the weight of a student on Earth
whose mass is equal to 60Kg.
Given: m=60Kg ; g=9.8m/s² ; W=?
Formula: W=mg
Solution: W=(60Kg)*(9.8m/s²)
W=588 Kg*m/s² or 588N
Final Answer: W=588N
Example:
Find the weight of a student on Earth
whose mass is equal to 50Kg.
Given: m=50Kg ; g=9.8m/s² ; W=?
Formula: W=mg
Solution: W=(50Kg)*(9.8m/s²)
W=490 Kg*m/s² or 490N
Final Answer: W=490N
 Example:
Neil A. Lien is planning for a space
exploration going to the moon. If he is
90Kg heavy on Earth, how much would
he weigh when he reaches the moon?
Given: m=90Kg ; g=1.62m/s² ; W=?
Formula: W=mg
Solution: W=(90Kg)*(1.62m/s²)
W=145.8 Kg*m/s² or 145.8N
Final Answer: W=145.8N
Non-Contact Forces
• MAGNETIC FORCE
–The attraction or repulsion that arises
between magnetic substances
–Invisible force in the Magnetic Field
around the magnet
–whatever the size and shape, it has
two poles: The North & South Poles
 Magnetic Force
• Force exerted by magnets on each
other and other metallic substances
• Causes objects to attract or repel
from each other
• Also a force that occurs between
electrically charged particles causing
them to attract or repel

N S N S S N N S
Non-Contact Forces
• ELECTRICAL FORCES
– Forces exist between electrically
charged bodies
–Like MF, can either attract or repel.
• Like charges repel; Unlike charges
attract
 Electric Force
• The attractive or repulsive
interaction between any two charged
objects
+ - + -

+ - - +

- + + -
Non-Contact Forces
• STRONG & WEAK FORCES
–Act inside the nucleus of an atom
–Acts between all of the particles in the
nucleus, i.e., between two neutrons,
between two protons, and between a
neutron and a proton.
 Nuclear Force
• Force that holds the
particles in the nucleus
together.
• Force used in machines
which require tremendous
power to work like
submarines and atom
bombs
 Non-Contact Forces
• The Strong Nuclear Force is an
attractive force between protons and
neutrons that keep the nucleus together
and the Weak Nuclear Force is
responsible for the radioactive decay of
certain nuclei. It was realized that the
strength of the two forces differed a lot.
 Non-Contact Forces
• STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
– about 100 times stronger than
electromagnetism. This force is also known
as strong interactions.
• Strong nuclear force leads to release of energy when
heat is generated in Nuclear Power Plant to generate
steam for generating electricity.
• Energy is released when a Nuclear Weapon detonates
which is due to strong nuclear forces.
 Nuclear Force
• Strong Nuclear Force holds the
nuclear particles together by
holding the quarks together.
• When Strong Nuclear Force
breaks, it creates great amount
of energy that can produce
electricity or even nuclear
explosion
Non-Contact Forces
• WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
– Stronger than gravity but weaker than
electromagnetic force
–  Weak nuclear forces are very short
range
– Little is known by the scientists
– Force that governs certain types of radioactive
decay. It initiates the process of hydrogen fusion
at stars. It is also responsible for production of
helium from hydrogen which helps in burning of
sun and powers the sun’s thermonuclear energy.
 Nuclear Force
• Weak Nuclear Force holds
particles within protons and
neutrons together.
• Weak Nuclear Force is easily
overcome. When Neutrons
decay, they form new atom.
Nuclei that decay in this way
are called radioactive
In terms of strength, these fundamental
forces are ranked accordingly:
Review:
• Force causes changes in the state of
motion of objects.
• They are classified into Contact Force
and Noncontact Force.
• Contact Force exist when objects touch
one another.
• Noncontact Force are those that act on
objects at a distance
 ACTIVITY 3.___
Bring out a whole sheet of paper and follow the
example below:

1 Whole Activity 3.1

Sheet of
Name: __________________________
Grade & Section: __________________
Paper or
any Answer:
1.
clean
sheet of
paper 2.
 ACTIVITY 3.1
In a whole sheet of paper properly labelled, answer the
questions briefly: (5 points each)
1. The gravity of the Moon is relatively weak. It is only one-sixth
of that of the Earth. What do you think would happen on Earth
if the gravity was the same as that on the moon?
2. Harry is very concerned about his weight but seldom does
anything about it. After learning about Newton's law of
universal gravitation in class, he becomes all concerned about
the possible effect of a change in Earth's mass upon his weight.
During a rare moment at the lunch table, he speaks up "How
would my weight change if the mass of the Earth increased by
20%?" How would you answer Harry?
ACTIVITY 3.2
In a whole sheet of paper properly labelled, answer the
problems below following the format:
Given:
Formula:
Solution:
Final Answer:
1. Find the weight of a student on Earth whose mass is
equal to 40Kg.
2. Find the weight of the same student in the moon.
3. Find the weight of a student on Earth whose mass is
equal to 90Kg.