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Chapter 5 PPT AP

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Alan Brinkley,

American History 14/e


Chapter 5:
The American Revolution
Highlights
 The States United
 The War for Independence
 War and Society
 The Creation of State Governments
 The Search for a National Government

2 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The States United
 Defining American
War Aims
– Olive Branch Petition
– Common Sense

Common Sense
(Library of Congress)

3 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The States United
 The Decision for
Independence
– The Declaration of
Independence
 Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson
(Library of Congress)

4 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The States United
 Responses to Independence
– Divided Americans
– Articles of Confederation

 Mobilizing for War


– Financing the War
– General George
Washington
– Foreign Assistance
George Washington at Valley Forge
(The Palma Collection/Getty Images)

5 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The War for Independence
– American Advantages
 Fighting on their own ground
 Patriots deeply committed

 The First Phase: New England


– Bunker Hill
– Invasion of Canada

6 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The War for Independence

The Revolution in the North, 1775-1776


7 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The War for Independence
 The Second Phase:
The Mid-Atlantic Region
– British Take New York
– Britain’s Strategy
– Patriot Victory at Saratoga
– British Blunders

 The Iroquois and the British


– Divisions in the Iroquois Confederacy

8 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The War for Independence

The Revolution in the Middle Colonies, 1776-1778


9 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The War for Independence
 Securing Aid from Abroad
– Militia Diplomats
– Pivotal French Aid

Benjamin Franklin
(Portrait Gallery)

10 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The War for Independence
 The Final Phase: The South
– Revolutionary Consequences of the Southern
Campaign
– Nathanael Greene
– Yorktown

British surrender to
Washington
(Library of Congress)

11 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The War for Independence

The Revolution in the South, 1778-1781


12 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The War for Independence
 Winning the Peace
– Treaty of Paris

A map presented to
Benjamin Franklin by the Royal
Cartographer of France, showing
the 1783 Treaty boundaries
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)

13 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


War and Society
 Loyalists and Minorities
– The Loyalists’ Plight
– Weakening of the
Anglican Church
– Strengthening of the
Catholic Church

Tarring and feathering


(Library of Congress)
14 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
War and Society
 The War and Slavery
– African American Desire for Freedom
– Tension between Liberty and Slavery

 Native Americans and the Revolution


– Taking Sides
– Growing Divisions among the Indians

15 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


War and Society
 Women’s Rights and Women’s Roles
– Women of the Army
– Calls for Women’s Rights
– A Strengthened
Patriarchal
Structure

Women of the Revolution


(Library of Congress)
16 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
War and Society
 The War Economy
 American trade suddenly on its own
 Yankee privateers
– New Patterns of Trade

17 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The Creation of State Governments

 The Assumptions of Republicanism


– Importance of Civic Virtue
– Persistent Inequality

 The First State Constitutions


– Written Constitutions and Strong Legislatures
 Did not embrace direct popular rule

18 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The Creation of State Governments

 Revising State Governments


 Problem of too much democracy
– Shift to Strong Executives

 Toleration and Slavery


– Statute of Religious Liberty
 Slavery survived in southern and border states

19 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The Search for a National
Government
 The Confederation
– Limited Power of the National Government
 Confederation lacked adequate power

 Diplomatic Failures
– Postwar Disputes with Britain and Spain
 John Adams

20 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The Search for a National
Government

The Conflict over Western Lands


21 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Search for a National
Government
 The Confederation and the Northwest
– The Ordinances of 1784 and 1785
– The Grid
– Northwest Ordinance

22 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


The Search for a National
Government

Land Survey: Ordinance of 1785


23 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Search for a National
Government
 Indians and the Western Lands
– Battle of Fallen Timbers

 Debts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays


– Postwar Depression
– Political Disputes over Economic Issues
– Shays’s Rebellion

24 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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