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ELECTRICITY II: Generation & Distribution

1) Synchronous alternators in power plants generate 3-phase AC power through electromagnetic induction using rotating magnetic fields. 2) Electrical power on ships is distributed at multiple voltages including 450V and 120V from generator buses to load centers and panels. 3) Motor control centers contain circuit breakers and starters to isolate, start, and control ship motors connected to the 450V distribution system.

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Jake Brohawn
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35 views16 pages

ELECTRICITY II: Generation & Distribution

1) Synchronous alternators in power plants generate 3-phase AC power through electromagnetic induction using rotating magnetic fields. 2) Electrical power on ships is distributed at multiple voltages including 450V and 120V from generator buses to load centers and panels. 3) Motor control centers contain circuit breakers and starters to isolate, start, and control ship motors connected to the 450V distribution system.

Uploaded by

Jake Brohawn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICITY II: Generation

& Distribution
Electromagnetic Induction
Synchronous Alternators
TSES VI Electrical Distribution
The Magnetic Field
The Permanent Magnet:
FLUX RULES: N
 Always form closed
loops
 Never cross
 Out of N, into S S
 Repel in same
direction “FLUX”
The Magnetic Field
The Electro-Magnet:

N S
+

Magnetic Field Strength determined by:


 Number of “turns”
 Winding current
The Magnetic Field
The Electro-Magnet:

S N
+

Polarity determined by:


 Direction of current
Electromagnetic Induction
Moving Magnet induces voltages in stationary conductors

POS
NEG

S
N S
N
Magnitude of voltage depends on field strength and velocity

Polarity of voltage depends on direction of flux & movement


3-phase Synchronous Alternator
A winding
A winding at
STATOR Maximum
+ Voltage

N
MAX ( + )
ROTOR
ZERO
MIN ( - )
S
C
winding B
winding

B & C windings at (negative) 50%


3-phase Synchronous Alternator
A
N
S

C B

N
N
N

S
S
S

 Peak occurs in each (phase) winding as the N


pole passes
Synchronous Speed
 In order to produce 60 Hertz (Hz) AC, a N pole must
pass under each winding 60 times per second
 So a “2-pole” (1 N pole, 1 S pole) rotor must rotate at
60x60 = 3600 RPM
A A A
N

N
S S S S
N N
S

S
C B C B C B

 In order to produce 60 Hertz (Hz) AC, a “4-pole” rotor


need only rotate half as fast (30 rev/sec = 1800 RPM)
 and a “6-pole” (3 N pole, 3 S pole) rotor need only
rotate at 20 rev/sec = 1200 RPM
Synchronous Speed
 “Synchronous” means RPM and frequency are
directly proportional
Desired frequency

RPM = f x 120
Required
“Synchronous Speed”
P Number of
Rotor POLES

For 60 Hertz …

# POLES 2 4 6 8 12 … 80(!)
RPM 3600 1800 1200 900 600 … 90
Synchronous Alternator Components

 Prime Mover (Engine)


 Field (Generator Rotor) – electro-
magnets which produce flux
 Armature (Generator Stator) – windings
in which voltage is induced by rotating
magnets (connected to SWBD)
 Exciter (Rotary or Static source of DC for
rotor electro-magnets)
Synchronous Alternator Components

S
N
N
S
N
S

 Prime Mover  Generator


o Steam Turbine
o Diesel
o Rotor (Field poles &
o Gas Turbine
windings)
o & reduction Gear o Stator (casing &
(if required) armature windings
Synchronous Alternator Components
3- AC to MSB
DC

 Exciter
S
N DC o Rotary (same
N
S shaft as rotor)
N
S
o Static (solid
state device in
 Prime Mover  Generator SWBD)
o Steam Turbine
o
o Rotor (Field poles &
Diesel
o Gas Turbine
windings)
o & reduction Gear o Stator (casing &
(if required) armature windings
Yes, Synchronous Alternators require DC (excitation) to make AC!
TSES VI Electrical Distribution
Ships Service Generators
3-phase, 3-wire, 450 V, 60 HzTG DG TG Shore Power
one SSDG (1200 kW) MSB
two SSTG’s (750 kW each) 450V section

450 Volt Loads:


Individual Motors
450 V Power Panels
Motor Control Centers
TSES VI Electrical Distribution
MSB
450V section

Feeder Feeder
Branch
MOTOR CONTROL CENTER

PWR
M.C. Functions: PNL MTR MTR MTR MTR MTR
Isolation CTRL CTRL CTRL CTRL CTRL
MTR Start/Stop
CTRL Speed Control Branch
Reversing
O/C protection MTR Branches
CTRL
M M
M M
M M M
TSES VI Electrical Distribution
Ships Service Generators
Mn. Ltg Xfmrs TG DG TG Shore Power
MSB MSB
120V section 450V section

120 Volt Loads: 450 Volt Loads:


Emerg Individual Motors
Lighting Panels
Ltg 450 V Power Panels
120 V Power Panels
Xfmrs Motor Control Centers
(Galley, Machine Shop, etc.) EDG
120V section
ESB
24 VDC Loads
ESB
450 V Em. Loads: 450V section
BAT
CHG
Em. Ltg Pnls Em. Fire Pump (etc.)
TSES VI Electrical Distribution
Ships Service Generators
Mn. Ltg Xfmrs TG DG TG Shore Power
MSB MSB
120V section 450V section

120 Volt Loads: 450 Volt Loads:


Emerg
Ltg
Xfmrs
EDG

120V section
ESB
24 VDC Loads
ESB
450 V Em. Loads: 450V section
BAT
CHG

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