Scribd
Upload
79 views16 pages

Values and Characteristics On development-Arahat-Exam

This document discusses different perspectives on defining and measuring development. It begins by describing the traditional view of using per capita income as the main indicator. However, it notes this definition is limited and does not capture non-income aspects of development. The document then outlines Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, which defines development as expanding people's freedoms and abilities rather than just income. It also discusses the Human Development Index as an alternative measure that incorporates factors like education and health. In closing, it lists some common characteristics of underdevelopment.

Uploaded by

Anjit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views16 pages

Values and Characteristics On development-Arahat-Exam

This document discusses different perspectives on defining and measuring development. It begins by describing the traditional view of using per capita income as the main indicator. However, it notes this definition is limited and does not capture non-income aspects of development. The document then outlines Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, which defines development as expanding people's freedoms and abilities rather than just income. It also discusses the Human Development Index as an alternative measure that incorporates factors like education and health. In closing, it lists some common characteristics of underdevelopment.

Uploaded by

Anjit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Values and characteristics of development

Arahat Sundar Tuladhar


Participatory group activity

PRESENT CRITIQUE APPRECIATE SUMMARIZE


How do you measure
development?
What is the objective of
development?
What is the role of values
in economic development?
What do you consider
ethical development ?
Measuring development

• The most common and widely used measure of development is per-


capita income of a country. Per-capita income is an indicator of
purchasing power of inhabitants of a country
• There are two measures of per-capita income which are commonly
used: one based on gross national income (GNI) and other based on
gross domestic product (GDP).
The problem

• According to this definition, developing countries are countries with


low per-capita income.
• The problem of economic development is simply to increase the
per-capita income of developing countries, which is essentially the
problem of growth.
• The World Bank defines low-income countries (LIC)

LIC and HIC as having a per-capita gross income of $ 875 or less


in 2005 and high-income countries having income of
$ 10,726 or more.
The modern view on development

• Noble Laureate Dr. Amartaya Sen. As Sen put it, ``Economic


growth cannot be sensibly treated as an end in itself. Development
has to be more concerned with enhancing the lives we lead and the
freedoms we enjoy.” This new approach is popularly known as
Sen’s Capabilities Approach.
Sen’s capabilities approach

• According to this approach, development is not just about


increasing the availability of commodities (focus of the per-capita
income approach) but expanding the capabilities of individuals to
use these commodities and enhancing the freedom of choice of
people.
There are three
core values of sustenance,
development:

Values of
development
self-esteem, and freedom.
Human development index (HDI)

Human capital in terms of


Human development index is
education and health is one
an attempt to capture the
of the most important
broader view of
determinant and indicator of
development.
capability of an individual.
Characteristics of underdevelopment <TV>

Low-level of Agricultural
Mass poverty
income backwardness

Unexploited Shortage of Lack of


natural technology and infrastructural
resources skills development
Characteristics of underdevelopment <MV>

High mortality
Environmental Lack of
Mass illiteracy rate-including
degradation sustainability
suicide rate

Per capita Modern day


Marginalisation
income slavery
Thank you  Any
questions?

You might also like