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Cooling Load

The document discusses cooling load calculations, which determine the total heat that must be removed from a space to maintain a desired temperature. Peak cooling load is needed to size HVAC equipment and occurs at a specific time based on changes in solar radiation. Heat gains come from conduction, solar radiation, occupants, lights, equipment, infiltration and include sensible and latent components. Calculations use factors like CLTD, CLF, and SHGF to account for time lag effects and peak loads typically occur around 4-5pm in summer months.

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Mohtasham Naeem
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122 views39 pages

Cooling Load

The document discusses cooling load calculations, which determine the total heat that must be removed from a space to maintain a desired temperature. Peak cooling load is needed to size HVAC equipment and occurs at a specific time based on changes in solar radiation. Heat gains come from conduction, solar radiation, occupants, lights, equipment, infiltration and include sensible and latent components. Calculations use factors like CLTD, CLF, and SHGF to account for time lag effects and peak loads typically occur around 4-5pm in summer months.

Uploaded by

Mohtasham Naeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cooling load Calculations

Chapter # 6
Cooling load

The total heat required to be removed from the space in


order to bring it at the desired temperature by the air
conditioning and refrigeration equipment is known as the
cooling load.
Purpose of Load Estimate

• Load profile over a day


• Peak load (basis for equipment sizing)
• Operation energy analysis
• HVAC construction cost
Heat storage and time lag effect
With cooling, the amount of heat that must be removed (the cooling load) is
not always equal to the amount of heat received at a given time.
Room heat gains
The heat gain components that contribute to the room
are following
• Conduction through exterior walls, roof, and glass
• Conduction through interior partitions, ceilings, and
floors
• Solar radiation through glass
• Lightening
• People
• Equipment
• Heat from infiltration of outside air through
openings
External loads Internal loads
Heat gains from walls and roofs People
• Sensible • Sensible & latent

Solar gains through fenestrations Lights


• sensible • sensible

Outdoor air Appliances


• Sensible and latent • Sensible & latent
Conduction through exterior structure

The cooling load caused by conduction heat gains through the


exterior roof, walls, and glass are found by the following
equation
Cooling load temperature difference (CLTD)
The cooling load temperature difference is not the actual temperature
difference between the outdoor and indoor air. It is a modified value that
accounts for the heat storage/ time lag effects.
CLTD value for roofs
CLTD value for walls
Types of Walls
CLTD value for glass
CLTD value for LM (walls and roofs)
Solar radiation through glass
• Radiant energy from the sun passes through transparent
materials such as glass and becomes a heat gain to the
room.
• Its value varies with time, orientation, shading and storage
effect.
• The solar cooling load can be found from the following
equation:
SHGF values for glass
Solar radiation through glass

• Solar heat gain factor (SHGF) gives maximum heat gain values for
the type of glass and without any shading devices. Table 6.6
• Shading coefficient (SC) account for heat gains with different
fenestration arrangement. Table 6.7
• Cooling load factor (CLF) values accounts for the storage of the
part of the solar heat gain. Table 6.8 (carpeted floor) Table 6.9
(uncarpeted floors) and Table 6.10 (All room constructions)
CLF values for glass
External shading effect
• External shading from building projections (or other
objects) may shade all or part of the glass.
• In these cases, only indirect solar radiations reaches the
glass from the sky and ground.
• For finding the solar heat gain, first find the shaded area of
the glass.
Lightening
• The cooling load due to the heat gain from lightening is
calculated by the following equation

• For fluorescent lightening, BF=1.25


• For incandescent lightening, BF=1.0
• Use the value of CLF =1.0
People
• The heat gain from the people are consists of two parts,
sensible and latent load. These are evaluated by following
equations.

• The rate of heat gain form people depends on their physical


activity.
Sensible and latent heat gains
CLF for people
Equipment and Appliances
• The heat gain from the equipment and appliances are
sometimes directly found from the Manufacturer’s
catalogue. Table 6.15 and 6.16
Infiltration
• The method and equations for infiltration, exfiltration and ventilation
load for cooling load calculations are same as explained in Chapter 3
Room cooling load
• The room cooling load is the sum of each of the cooling load
components ( roof, walls, glass, solar, people, equipment, and
infiltration) in the room.
Room peak cooling load
• The air conditioning systems must be designed to handle the
peak cooling loads.

How to determine the peak cooing load?

• The external heat gain varies with the time of the day and
time of year because of the change in solar radiations as the
sun orientation changes.
• Peak load could be estimated by inspecting table at what time
and month peak load occurs.
• Sometimes further calculations are needed for more clear
picture
General guidelines
Building peak cooling load

The building cooling load is the rate at which heat is removed


from all air conditioned rooms in the building at the time the
building cooling load is at its peak.
Inside conditions: 76 F DB and 50 % RH
Outside conditions: 90 F DB and 74 WB.
Latitude : 40 °N
DR: 19 F

Peak load time:


Roof and west glass are the major contributors of building cooling load.
Peak value of CLF for the glass (Table 6.10) at 16:00(0.82) and 17:00(0.81)
Peak value of CLTD for roof (Table 6.1) at 16:00(34) and 17:00(36)
SHGF value for glass (Table 6.6) E/W Max in July and August (215)
SHGF
So, the peak load time is 17:00 in the month of July.

Calculation of areas from the drawing

U values specified or found from the tables

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