UNIT 1: DAY IN, DAY

OUT
GRAMMAR CONTENT

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PRESENT SIMPLE
USE, FORM AND SPELLING

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PRESENT SIMPLE: USE AND FORM
We use the present simple for: Verb to buy:
• daily routines or habits I buy
You buy
 I go to the gym at 10:00. (daily routine) He/She/It buys
 I drive to school. (habit) We buy
• permanent state You buy
They buy
 He lives in Évora.
• timetables
 The bus arrives at 9:30.
The affirmative form of the present simple consists in using the verb in the infinitive, but in the
third person singular we must add an –s.
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PRESENT SIMPLE: SPELLING 3RD PERSON
SINGULAR
• Most verbs take –s in the third person singular.
 I eat- he eats, I run- he runs
• Verbs that end in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x and –o take –es in the third person singular.
 I kiss- he kisses, I push- he pushes, I catch- he catches, I fix- he fixes, I do- he does
• Verbs that end in consonant + -y, drop the –y and take –ies.
 I cry- he cries
• Verbs ending in vowel + -y take –s only.
 I say- he says

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PRESENT SIMPLE: NEGATIVE AND
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Negative Interrogative
• To form the negative we need an auxiliary • To form the interrogative we need an
verb - the verb to do - in the negative form. auxiliary verb - the verb to do - in the
 I don’t like strawberries. affirmative form. We always put the
auxiliary verb before the subject.
 I don’t live in London.
 Do you like strawberries?
 He doesn’t play football.
 Do you live in London?
 Does he play football?

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PRESENT SIMPLE: VERB TO BE AND TO HAVE
GOT
To be To have got
I am I have got
You are You have got
He/She/It is He/She/It has got
We are We have got
You are You have got
They are They have got

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
USE, FORM AND SPELLING

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS: USE
We use the present continuous for:
• actions that are happening right now, while we are speaking
 He is mopping the floor now.
• actions happening around the moment of speaking
 Mary is studying hard this week.
• fixed arrangements in near future (when we know the time and place)
 They are having a party tonight.

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS: FORM
In order to form the present continuous, we need always two verbs:
• the auxiliary verb – the verb to be, conjugated in the present simple
• the main verb in the gerund, or –ing form.
Example:
Verb to go:
Now I am reading Hamlet by Shakespeare.
I am going
auxiliary main verb You are going
verb He/She/It is going
We are going
You are going
They are going
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS: SPELLING THE –ING
FORM
• Most verbs take –ing.
 eat- eating, speak- speaking
• Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants double the last consonant and
add –ing.
 stop- stopping, prefer- preferring
• Verbs ending in –e drop the –e and add –ing.
 dance- dancing, take- taking
• Verbs ending in –l double the –l and add –ing.
 travel- travelling
• Verbs ending in –ie drop the –ie and add –y+ -ing.
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 lie- lying
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: NEGATIVE AND
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Negative Interrogative
• To form the negative we need to use the • To form the interrogative we need to use
auxiliary verb - the verb to be - in the the auxiliary verb - the verb to be - in the
negative form. affirmative form. We always put the
 I am not lying. auxiliary verb before the subject.
 Are you lying?
 You are not studying enough.
 Are you studying enough?
 He is not playing football.
 Is he playing football?

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PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
DIFFERENCES IN USE AND TIME WORDS USED

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PRESENT SIMPLE VS PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
USE
Present Simple Present Continuous
habits/routines actions happening at or around the time of
 He plays football after school every day. speaking
 Dad’s listening (= is listening) to music at the
moment.
permanent states and facts temporary situations
 Larry lives in Rome.  We’re staying (= are staying) with some friends
 Anthony has green eyes. these days.
timetables fixed arrangements in the near future
 The planes leaves at 10 am.  They’re going fishing this weekend.

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TIME WORDS

Used with the Present Simple Used with the Present Continuous
• every hour/day/week/month/year… • now
• usually • at the moment

• always • these days

• every morning/afternoon/evening/night • at present

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ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
• Adverbs of frequency can be used with the  Sometimes (25%)
present simple to show how often
somethings happens.  Hardly ever (5%)
 Never (0%)
 He usually goes jogging in the park
(How often? Usually) • The adverbs of frequency are placed before
the main verb but after the verb to be.
• Some adverbs of frequency are:
 Always (100%)  She usually gets up early.
 She is always friendly.
 Usually (75%)
 Often (50%)

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