LB170

Session 2: Communicating the

main Points

Prepared By Miss. Sheikha AL-Dosarry

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 Learning Outcome:
Make effective notes on a case study text,
using language clues to help you.
Organize information.
Develop your reading and note making skills.

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 ?What is a case study
• Case study is :
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 Things to know about case study

1. The beginning of a case study is important. It sets the scene.

2. Case study texts describe general situations and give

examples.

3. A case study if often like a story. Stories deal with a problem

and we ask ‘What next’?

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 Making notes means:
 
• Highlight the key information in a text then
reduce the information to fewer words.
•  Writing notes means turning (sentence) in a
smaller unit (a group of words) .
• Sentences are made up of nouns and verbs.
When you are making notes, it’s better to use
nouns because nouns contain a large amount of
information.
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Where you might need to make notes from a
written text?
At work:
• To prepare for a meeting.
• To summaries a document for colleagues.
• To record the main ideas from a document for yourself.
• To gather information in preparation for writing a report or
delivering a presentation.
On a business studies course:
• To keep a note of things you are learning.
• To clarify your thoughts on what you are learning.
• To prepare for writing a report, essay or presentation.
• To remember things for an exam.
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 Using nouns to make notes
A sentence contain at least:
  Abstract nouns can contain a large amount of information
Nouns can be combined with other words to make noun groups
.)used as Key Concepts(

Sentence

1Noun Verb 1

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 ?How to make notes
Two steps:
• Use abstract nouns to reduce a sentence or a
paragraph in a text to few words for example:
crisis.

• Combine nouns with other words to make

noun phrases : Environmental crisis.

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 Identifying the main points in a case study
text

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 Types of text

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 Highlighting main points:

Texts tend to start with general information then move on to

more specific details. This can be seen within paragraphs too.
The first sentence in each paragraph usually gives you the idea of the
paragraph.
Texts usually have two main levels:

  The high level generalization of the paragraph

. describes the situation in general

The low level generalization develops the main points

.by examples and more details of this general situation

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High level and Low level :Activity2.8
-Page 32( group work)
To draw attention to the crisis, Cafédirect has
today launched a new report highlighting the
environmental plight facing more than 6,000
smallholder farmers in Peru, who supply
Cafédirect with high quality Arabica beans.
The report – called Coffee Climate Crisis –
tells the story of how smallholders were
confronting torrential rain, flooding and
landslides.
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 High level and Low level
High level
Cafédirect has today launched a new
report highlighting the environmental
plight facing more than 6,000
smallholder farmers in Peru

Tells the story of how smallholders

were confronting torrential rain,
flooding and landslides
Low Level

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 ?What makes good notes
• Are relevant for your purpose
• Are succinct
• Show the main points
• Show how ideas are linked
• Are accurate
• Are understandable when you come back to them
• Can include sketches or diagrams
• Can use abbreviations and symbols
For further points refer to Handbook1 ch.3 P.15
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 LB170
Session 3: Summarising and
giving presentations

Prepared By Miss. Sheikha AL-Dosarry

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 Learning Outcome:
create a set of effective slides for a
presentation .
Give constructive feedback to another student
on their slides.
 Understand the purpose of reflection for
learning.

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 Why do presentation?
The choice of the medium of communication depends
on 3 key considerations that form the context : the
purpose , the content and the audience.
 Presentations used to convey important messages to
larger audiences when it is important to pass on the
information at a particular time.

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 Using slides
Presentations usually involve a sequence of slides.

The slides can be provided electronically after the event and

printed to replace report as they provide a clear concise often
colorful way to present visual information like financial figures.

Slides can include videos to illustrate key points.

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How to create effective presentation slides ?

1. Overall design:
• You can use a range of design options in your
slides depending on the audience ,content
and purpose. You may wish to use an
organization logo and style for presentations.

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How to create effective presentation slides ?

2. Colour and fonts:

• Choose one font and use it throughout.
• Use bold or size to differentiate sections.
• Use simple font which is easy to read.
• Use the same size and font for the main
heading and a different size for the sub-
heading.
• Don’t use underlining because its used for
links to websites.
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How to create effective presentation slides ?
2. Colour and fonts:
• Try to use coloured fonts reasonably and do not use colours
like red and green together, which some people cannot
differentiate.
• Yellow is very difficult to read against a white screen .
• Black text against pure white can also be difficult for some
people to read.
• Consider using pale pastel backgrounds such as cream as a
way of being more inclusive.
• keep consistent background colour and make sure that the text
is readable against it.
• Keep reminding yourself that the slide must be easy to read at
21 a distance.
How to create effective presentation slides ?

3. How much information on a slide ?

• Normally, about five or six bullet points is enough
or one graph with figures.
• Prepare handout with detailed information to
keep the slides simple and provide overview only.

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How to create effective presentation slides ?
4. Use of models and diagrams
• Some presentation software provide some ready-made
graphics, shapes and tables which you can customize.
• Business presentations will always include some evidence in
the form of figures and graphs.
• It is helpful to create the spreadsheets first band create the
visuals, which can then be imported into the presentation
slides.
• The information must be easy to read and understand and Sales
relevant to the narration.
• Use a laser pointer to help pinpoint sections of diagrams.

23 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
How to create effective presentation slides ?
5. Use of images
• Images should be relevant to the message and add to the
impact of the narration from the speaker.
• Remember that any images used to illustrate your slides
should be acknowledged and referenced.
• Use images reasonably.

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How to create effective presentation slides ?
6. Organisation of information
• The information should be organised in away that supports
your talk ;means grouping it in to clear sections with
headings.
• Start with general points and move on to more specific ones
later.

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
1. Using your voice to its best effect:
• Speak clearly use microphone if necessary.
• It is worth checking with the audience if you can be heard.
• It is also worth finding out through practicing with a friend
whether or not your voice tends to be quiet or loud.

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
2. Using language that is appropriate for the context
• Consider the situation and how formal it is.
• Check your language for phrases that might be too informal,
Just as you do with your writing.
• Check your language for words and phrases that might be too
difficult and might therefore need defining or explaining.
• Make sure the language suits the needs of the audience.

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
3. Pacing your talk

• Make sure you speak slowly enough to let your audience

absorb information.
• Slowdown even more for the words you want to emphasize.
This helps the audience to focus on the key information.
• Vary the pace of your talk as this makes it more engaging.

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
4. Pronouncing clearly
• Use intonation and sentence stress; this means putting a
stronger emphasis on some words and making your voice go
up in tone when expressing key information.

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
5. Using body language and eye contact to enhance your
message
• Use gestures to show emphasis on key words if you are
comfortable with this. Don’t try to be something you are not.
Gesturing can help the audience to focus.
• When presenting, try to have an open, relaxed posture, i.e. do
not cross your arms, or lookdown at notes all the time, or
move your hands around unnecessarily.
• Make sure you look around at the audience to include
everyone.

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
5. Use of notes
• It is inadvisable to memories a presentation as this usually
makes you speak too fast.
• Use a note format that suits you.
• They should be short bullet points and not contain the full
text that you want to say .

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How to deliver the presentation effectively ?
6. Use of questions
• Asking your audience questions can be engaging; they bring
the audience in and get them thinking.
• It is a good technique for experienced presenters, but can be
awkward to manage as the audience sometimes respond and
this can disturb the flow or the timing of the presentation.

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 Reflection
Looking back at something you have done or experienced
• Thinking about what went well, or less well(this is often
called ‘evaluating’)
• Thinking about what you have learned and what to do next
as a result of that learning.
Reflection can be done by asking yourself three questions:
. What happened?
. How did it go?
. What next?
 ?Why Reflect
• You can explain what you have learned and recognize how your skills have
developed; like in Job interviews where you might have to talk about what
skills you have and the things you have done to develop them.
• You can recognize things about the way you learn and adopt strategies to
improve your future learning. For example, you may discover that when
making notes it really helped you to use some kind of visual notation as well
as text.
• You can stand back from learning experiences and see the min amore
positive light. For example, you can notice mistakes that you have made, but
instead of feeling discouraged you can think of ways to learn from them.
• You can seek feed back and support. That you are really struggling with a
certain aspect of learning, you can take action and ask your tutor for advice.
 SWOT on self

My strengths at the beginning of My weaknesses at the beginning of

this course this course

My strengths now My weaknesses now and future

plans or strategies
Important Activities :To be done by students

Activity 2.9,2.11.(Module)
Useful signposting phrases for
presentations: refer to Handbook 1
chapter 7 P.42
Book 1 Phillipa’s reflection text P.55

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