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Electrical & Electronics Engineering: Explanation Project On Logic Gates

This document provides an explanation of various logic gates used in electronic circuits. It begins with an introduction that defines logic gates and their purpose. The document then describes the basic AND, OR, and NOT gates. It provides truth tables that define the input and output for each gate. The document continues explaining the NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR gates with additional truth tables. It concludes by acknowledging sources used to complete the project.

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29 - 023 - Abid Hasan
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309 views

Electrical & Electronics Engineering: Explanation Project On Logic Gates

This document provides an explanation of various logic gates used in electronic circuits. It begins with an introduction that defines logic gates and their purpose. The document then describes the basic AND, OR, and NOT gates. It provides truth tables that define the input and output for each gate. The document continues explaining the NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR gates with additional truth tables. It concludes by acknowledging sources used to complete the project.

Uploaded by

29 - 023 - Abid Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

EXPLANATION PROJECT ON LOGIC GATES


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
SUBJECT : ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT - 1 (201 )
INTAKE : 29, SECTION : 01, SHIFT : EVENING
SUBMITED BY
1. Md. MOHSIN ALI ( 12 )
2. Md. ANAMUL ISLAM SHIKHON ( 15 ) SUBMITED TO
3. SK DELOWER HOSSAIN ( 22 ) ABDULLAH AL NOAMN
4. ABID HASAN ( 23 ) LECTURER
5. SUHAG MIA ( 35 ) DEPARTMENT OF EEE
6. Md. AL-AMIN ISLAM ( 37 )
7. Md. FARHAD ( 43 )
▪ Certificate
▪ Acknowledgement
CONTENTS – ▪
▪
Introduction
Basic Gates
▪ OR Gate
▪ AND Gate
▪ NOT Gate
▪ NOR Gate
▪ NAND Gate
▪ EX-OR Gate
▪ EX-NOR Gate
▪ Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
A gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows some logical relationship
between the input and output voltages. It is a digital circuit which either allows a
signal to pass through as stop, it is called a gate The logic gates are building blocks
at digital electronics. They are used in digital electronics to change on voltage level
(input voltage) into another (output voltage) according to some logical statement
relating them. A logic gate may have one or more inputs, but it has only one output.
The relationship between the possible values of input and output voltage is
expressed in the form of a table called truth table or table of combinations. Truth
table of a Logic Gates is a table that shows all the input and output possibilities for
the logic gate. George Boole in 1980 invented a different kind of algebra based on
binary nature at the logic, this algebra of logic called BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.
THEORY
A logical statement can have only two values either high/low or on/off. The
two values of logic statement one denoted by the binary number 1 and zero
denoted by the binary number 0. Logic gate is an entity in electronics and
mathematics Boolean that turns one or more logic inputs to a logic output
signal. Logic gate is mainly implemented electronically using diodes or
transistors. Any Boolean algebra operation can be associated with inputs
and outputs represent the statements of Boolean algebra. Although these
circuits may be complex, they may all be constructed from three basic
devices. We have three different types of logic gates . These are the AND
gate, the OR gate and the NOT gate.
BASIC GATES
THE OR GATE –
It is a device that combines A with B to give Y as the result. The OR gate has two
or more inputs and one output. The logic gate of OR gate with A and B input and
Y output is shown :-

In Boolean algebra, addition symbol (+) is referred as the OR. The Boolean
expression: A+B = Y indicates Y equals A OR B.
i. If switch A and B open (A=0, B=0)then, Y=0
ii. If switch A open B closed (A=0, B=1)then,
Y=1
iii. If switch A closed B open (A=1, B=0)then,
Y=1
iv. If switch A & B are closed (A=1, B=1)then,
Y=1
THE AND GATE –

It is a device that combines A with B to give Y as the result. The AND gate has two
or more inputs and one output. The logic gate of AND gate with A and B input and
Y output is shown below:

In Boolean algebra, multiplication sign (either x or.) is referred as the AND. The
Boolean expression: A.B = Y indicates Y equals A✕B.
i. If both switches A and B are open (A=0,
B=0) then, Y=0.
ii. If Switch A closed and B open (A=1, B=0)
then, Y =0.
iii. If switch A open and B closed (A=0, B=1)
then, Y=0.
iv. If switch A and B both closed (A=1, B=1)
then, Y =1.
 
i. If switch A is open (i.e. A=0),
then, Y=1.
ii. If Switch A is closed (i.e. A=1),
then, Y=0.
THE NOR GATE
The Logic NOR Gate gate is a combination of the digital logic OR gate and
an inverter or NOT gate connected together in series.The inclusive NOR
(Not-OR) gate has an output that is normally at logic level “1” and only
goes “LOW” to logic level “0” when ANY of its inputs are at logic level “1”.

Boolean expression of NOR giving us the Boolean expression of: A+B = Y.


i. If Switch A & B open (A=0, B=0) then
Y=1.
ii. If Switch A closed & B open (A=1, B=0)
then,Y =0.
iii. If Switch A open & B close (A=0, B=1)
then, Y=0.
iv. If switch A& B are closed (A=1, B=1) then,
Y=0.
THE NAND GATE
The NAND gate or “NotAND” gate is the combination of two basic logic gates, the AND
gate and the NOT gate connected in series. The NAND gate and NOR gate can be called
the universal gates since the combination of these gates can be used to accomplish any
of the basic operations. Hence, NAND gate and NOR gate combination can produce an
inverter, an OR gate or an AND gate.

Boolean expression of NAND gate is expressed as Y=(A.B)’ and is being read as 'A and B
negated'.
i. If Switch A & B open (A=0, B=0) then Y=1.
ii. If Switch A open B closed (A=0, B=1)then,
Y=1.
iii. If switch A closed B open (A=1, B=0)then,
Y=1.
iv. If switch A & B are closed (A=1, B=1) then,
Y=0.
THE Exclusive-OR gate (XOR Gate)
Exclusive OR gate – is a digital logic gate that gives a true (i.e. a HIGH or 1)
output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate implements an
exclusive OR, i.e., a true output result occurs if one – and only one – of the gate’s
inputs is true. If both inputs are false (i.e. LOW or 0) or both inputs are true, the
output is false.
i. If Switch A & B open (A=0, B=0) then Y=0.
ii. If Switch A open B closed (A=0, B=1)then,
Y=1.
iii. If switch A closed B open (A=1, B=0)then,
Y=1.
iv. If switch A & B are closed (A=1, B=1) then,
Y=0.
THE Exclusive-NOR gate (XNOR Gate)
Exclusive NOR – is a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the
exclusive OR gate (XOR gate). Logically, an XNOR gate is a NOT gate followed by an
XOR gate.Basically the “Exclusive-NOR” gate is a combination of the Exclusive-OR
gate and the NOT gate but has a truth table similar to the standard NOR gate in that it
has an output that is normally at logic level “1” and goes “LOW” to logic level “0”
when ANY of its inputs are at logic level “1”
i. If Switch A & B open (A=0, B=0) then Y=1.
ii. If Switch A open B closed (A=0, B=1)then,
Y=0.
iii. If switch A closed B open (A=1, B=0)then,
Y=0.
iv. If switch A & B are closed (A=1, B=1) then,
Y=1.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

I would like to acknowledge the following sources through which I obtained vital
information which contributed in the completion of this project:
i. slideshare.com
ii. wikipedia.org

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