Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ.

of Technology, Gorakhpur

Mathematical Modelling of Mechanism in Battery-

Supercapacitor Hybrid Using Matlab

PRESENTED BY
Divya Prabha
Roll No:2019073007
Email:[email protected]
M.Sc. Physics (Specialization in Electronics)
Under the Guidence of
Dr. Abhishek kumar Gupta
Assistant Professor
Department of Physics and Material Science
MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ,GORAKHPUR
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Super capacitors
 Hybrid mechanism of supercapacitors with batteries
 Method
 Result
 Conclusion
 Future Plan
 References
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Introduction
(i) CAPACITORS
 Capacitor is a device which is used to store the charge in an electrical
circuit and made up of two conductors separated by an insulator called
dielectric.

 A conductor may be a foil, thin film or an

electrolyte.

 Materials commonly used as dielectrics

include glass, plastic film, paper,
mica, and oxide layers.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Conti..
(ii) Charge stored in capacitor
 When a voltage is applied to these plates an electrical current flows
charging up one plate with a positive charge with respect to the supply
voltage and the other plate with an equal and opposite negative charge.

 When a capacitor is fully charged there is a potential difference between

its plates, and the larger the area of the plates and/or the smaller the
distance between them (known as separation) the greater will be the charge
that the capacitor can hold and the greater will be its Capacitance.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Conti..
 Later, in 1969, the first attempts to market such devices were
undertaken by SOHIO.
 Supercapacitor can be categorized in three types on the basis of storage
principle:
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Supercapacitor
SUPERCAPACITOR:
 Supercapacitors are electrochemical devices with following
features:
• High energy density.
• High power density.
• High capacitance.
• Longer life.
 A supercapacitor or ultra capacitor is an electrochemical
capacitor that has an unusually high energy density when
compared to common capacitors. They are of particular interest in
automotive applications for hybrid vehicles and as
supplementary storage for battery electric vehicles.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Conti..
 They typically store 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume or
mass than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge
much faster than batteries, and tolerate many more charge and
discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.

 Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid

charge/discharge cycles rather than long term compact energy
storage: within cars, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they
are used for regenerative braking

 Supercapacitors do not use the conventional solid dielectric of

ordinary capacitors. They use electrostatic double-layer capacitance
or electrochemical pseudo capacitance or a combination of both
instead.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Conti..
(i) Working principal
 Super capacitors are constructed with two metal foils, each coated with
an electrode material such as activated carbon.
 The electrodes are kept apart by an ion permeable membrane (separator)
and an electrolyte electrically connecting both electrodes.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

(ii) Type of supercapacitor

 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

HYBRID MECHANISM OF
SUPERCAPACITORS WITH BATTRIES

The hybrid connection of supercapacitor and battery has a significant

impact on its performance. To increase performance the configuration of
supercapacitor and its component are play important role. High energy
storage capability of the batteries and high power densities can have
major impact on EV. There may be three types of configuration of the
components. (a) SC with battery (b) SC, battery and DC-DC converter (c)
SC, battery, DC-DC converter and freewheeling switches
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Method
Specification Used in
Simulink
• The main cause of low R=[0.2 90 1000];% fixed resistances, [ R1 R2 R3}
performance of EV is C={2.5 1.5 4]; % Fixed capacitances,[C1 C2 C3]
driving range loss due to Kv=0.95;% Voltage-dependent capacitor gain
the energy and R_discharge=inf; % Self-discharge resistence
power capacity drop of N_series=1; % Number of series cells
batteries. It is found that N_parallel= 1; % Number of parallel cells
Li-ion battery suffer from
degradation due to the Li
plating. The parameters
of supercapacitor that
rely on the type of
electrode materials used
in super capacitors are
capacitance and charge
storage capability
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Result
As show in figure, we applied the voltage across the
terminal voltage start the induced across the plate plat
and charge take place there. Increasing the voltage
generated charge rate is increase. As increase the
generation of charge the charging current rapidly
changes. In supercapacitor high current is required as
control manner. For this we have applied the supply
current in pulse form. Due to this efficiency of
capacitor charging is increased. It is necessary the
storage of capacitor should be high. For this we have
insert the dielectric and sustainable wall of capacitor.
As we have explain above material for higher use for
higher capacitor. X-axes shows nano sec and Y-axses
shows current.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Cont…
• In normal capacitor charging and discharging exponentially increase and
decrease. In the pwm mechanism supercapacitor switching works ideally
off. X-axses shows nano sec and y- axses shows current in fig.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Cont…
• In this graph the charging current shown(Y-axses) of supercapacitor. As we
can see the current density of charging is high at higher voltage. This
happen due to high storage capacity dielectric material likes activated
carbon, carbon nanotube, graphene etc. x-axses shows nano second and y-
axses shows current in this graph.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Cont…
• After applied load discharging current start to flow rapidly after few
second its value come in controlled manner.x-axses shows nano sec and y-
axses shows current in below graph.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

CONCLUSION
• Now days we are fighting with environmental issue so it is necessary to
protect it.
• In this hybrid system play a vital role.
• Today hybrid electric vehicles are drive by an internal combustion engine
and electric powered battery.
• In this paper we discussed about advancement use of supercapacitor with
electric vehicles.
• Proposed a new mechanism for improve the performance of the system.
With the matlab simulink verify the result.
• It work on the use of peak energy requirement with supercapacitor and
battery use for normal driving.
• As the graph show the discharging method of the supercapacitor in
controlled manner.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Future Plan
• Identifying the best energy storage systems for aerospace applications and
modelling them.

• Looking at different control strategies for the series-parallel hybrid electric

vehicle with two energy storage devices.

• Investigating the effects of hybrid energy storage on medium and heavy-

duty electrified vehicles.

• Investigating additional combinations of energy storage system for

stationary applications.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

References
• Yoshida I. Tanahashi Y. Takeuchi and A. Nishino "An electric double-layer
capacitor with activated carbon fiber electrodes" IEEE Trans. Comp.
Hybrids Manuf. Technol. vol. CHMT-11 pp. 100-102 1987.
2. Chau KT, Wong YS. Overview of power management in hybrid electric
vehicles. Energy conversion and management. 2002 Oct 1;43(15):1953-68.
3. Emadi, A., Lee, Y.J. and Rajashekara, K., 2008. Power electronics and
motor drives in electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, 55(6), pp.2237-2245.
4. Yan-su WANG and Cheng-yang WANG "Templated mesoporous carbons
and their performance for electric double layer capacitors" New Carbon
Materials vol. 25 pp. 376-381 2010.
5. M. Okamura "Electric Double Layer Capacitors and Storage Systems"
Nikkan Kogyo Newspaper Corp. 2001.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Cont…
• C.Zhong,Y.Deng,W.Hu,J.Qiao,L.ZhangandJ.Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015,
44, 7484–7539; (b) W. Tang, Y. Zhu, Y. Hou, L. Liu, Y. Wu, K. P. Loh, H. Zhang
and K. Zhu, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013,6, 2093–2104; (c) F. Wang, X. Wu, C.
Li, Y. Zhu, L. Fu, Y. Wu and X. Liu, Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 3570–3611;
(d) R. Li, Z. Lin,X.Ba,Y.Li, R. Dingand J. Liu, Nanoscale Horiz., 2016,1, 150–
155.
7. M.D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An and R.S. Rouf, Nano lett., 8 (2008) 3498.
8. H.P. Wu, D.W. He, Y.S. Wang, M. Fu, Z.L. Liu, J.G. Wang and H.T. Wang,
IEEE, (2010) 465.
9. M.H. Ervina, B.S. Miller, B. Hanrahan, B. Mailly and T. Palacios,
Electrochim. Acta, 65 (2012) 37
10. M. A. Pope, S. Korkut, C. Punckt and I.A Aksay, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160
(2013) A1653.
 Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur

Cont…
• Z.S. Wu, Y. Zheng, S. Zheng, S. Wang, C. Sun, K. Parvez, T. Ikeda, X. Bao,
K. Mullen, X. Feng, Stacked‐layer heterostructure films of 2D thiophene
nanosheets and graphene for high‐rate all‐solid‐state pseudocapacitors
with enhanced volumetric capacitance, Adv. Mater. 29 (2017) 1602960.
11. Chau, K. T., and Y. S. Wong. "Overview of power management in
hybrid electric vehicles." Energy conversion and management 43, no. 15
(2002): 1953-1968.
12. Karden E, Ploumen S, Fricke B, Miller T, Snyder K. Energy storage
devices for future hybrid electric vehicles. Journal of Power Sources.
2007 May 25;168(1):2-11.
13 S. Kondrat, A.A. Kornyshev, Pressing a spring: what does it take to
maximize the energy storage in nanoporous supercapacitors?
Nanoscale Horiz. 1 (2016) 45–52.
Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ. of Technology, Gorakhpur