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FSC Physics 2 Year: Chapter 14: Electromagnetism

This document summarizes key concepts from a physics lecture about electromagnetism and the use of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). It discusses the motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, how the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) of an electron can be determined, and the components and uses of a CRO. A CRO uses an electron gun to generate an electron beam that is directed using electric plates to display voltage waveforms on a screen in real time. It can be used to measure voltage, frequency, and phase.

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Adeela Umar
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115 views

FSC Physics 2 Year: Chapter 14: Electromagnetism

This document summarizes key concepts from a physics lecture about electromagnetism and the use of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). It discusses the motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, how the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) of an electron can be determined, and the components and uses of a CRO. A CRO uses an electron gun to generate an electron beam that is directed using electric plates to display voltage waveforms on a screen in real time. It can be used to measure voltage, frequency, and phase.

Uploaded by

Adeela Umar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FSC Physics 2 nd

year
Chapter 14: Electromagnetism
Lecture – 19
*Motion of charged particle in an electric and magnetic field
*Determination of e/m of an electron
*Cathode ray oscilloscope
Motion Of Charged
Particle in An Electric And
Magnetic Field
Motion of Charged Particle an Electric and
Magnetic Field
1. Lorentz
  Force:
• “The force which is sum of electric and magnetic force”.

2. Conclusion:
• Electric force (do work)
• Magnetic force (do not work only deflecting force)
Determination Of e/m Of
An Electron
Determination of e / m of an Electron
1. Statement:
 
• e / m of a charged particle can be given as
=
where r is determined by Thomson’s apparatus
Let a beam of electron moving with speed v projected at right
angle to uniform magnetic field B,force on electron will be
F = - e vxB
F is perpendicular to both v and B
Force on electron is perpendicular to v , so it changes its
direction of velocity only but magnitude of velocity remains
constant.
1.  
As F = evB B and v are constant so F is constant.
Electrons are subjected to a constant force at right angle to
direction of motion. Under such a force electrons will move in a
circle. So
Bev =
= ………..(1)
r is measured by making electronic trajectory
Visible. This is done by,
• Fill glass tube with hydrogen gas at low Press
• Tube is placed in uniform magnetic field of
known value.
1. electrons
As   are shot into this tube, they begin to move in a circle.
Electrons collide with atoms of gas during motion. This excites
atoms due to which they emit light and their path becomes visible
as a circular path , whose diameter can be measured easily.
To measure v we should know P.D through which electrons are
accelerated before entering in magnetic field.
Energy gained by electrons is K.E
mv² = Ve
v = put it eq. 1
=
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

1. Objective:
• A high speed graph plotting device.
2. Parts of CRO:
i. Electron Gun:
a. Filament:
• Heats up by getting energy from external voltage.
b. Cathode:
• Emit electrons.
c. Grid:
• Control the intensity of electrons.
d. Accelerating Anode:
• Accelerates and focus the electron beam.
ii. Deflecting Plates:
a. X - Directed Plates:
• Deflects the beam horizontally.
• A circuit built in CRO.
• Also called Sweep base or Time base generator.
b. Y-directed plates
• Deflects the beam vertically.
c. Wave Form of CRO:
• Wave form of CRO is Saw tooth.
iii. Display System:
• Displays waveform visibly.
• Screen coated with zinc sulphide and barium platinocyanide.
• Create feed back of electrons.
• Screen glow with fluorescence.
• Difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence.
• If a sinusoidal voltage is applied across the. Y plates when
simultaneously, the time base voltage is impressed across the x
plates.
• The sinusoidal voltage, which itself gives rise to a vertical line,
will now spread out and will appear as a sinusoidal trace on the
screen.
• The pattern will appear stationary only if the time t is equal to or
is some multiple of the time of one cycle of the voltage on y
plates.
• It is necessary to synchronize the frequency of the time base
generator with the frequency.
3. Uses of CRO:
• The CRO is used for displaying the waveform of a given
voltage.
• CRO is used to measure;
• Voltage
• Frequency
• Phase
• The calibration in graph;
• y - axis = Volts
• x – axis = Time
• CRO is used to find;
• Instantaneous value and peak value of the voltage.
• CRO gives information about the phase difference between
two voltages by simultaneously displaying their waveforms.
• For example;
• The waveforms of two voltages of phase difference between is
180°.
MCQ: The component of display system that
controls the brightness of spot is:

A. Cathode
B. Anode
C. Grid
D. None
MCQ: Signal at y - directed plates has wave form:

A. Saw tooth
B. Square
C. Sinusoidal
D. Cosine
MCQ: No. of Grids in Black & White T.V is:

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
MCQ: No. of Grids in colour T.V is:

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
MCQ: Saw tooth wave form in CRO is between:

A. Current and voltage


B. Time and current
C. Time and resistance
D. JC-1 and second
MCQ: To get a saw tooth voltage at x- directed
plates

A. Y-Plate is switched off


B. Y-plate is switched on
C. Y-plate is connected to capacitor
D. Y-plate is connected to inductor
MCQ: A CRO can measure:

A. Voltage
B. Phase
C. Frequency
D. All of these

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