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KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Laboratory: Dr. Tan Chee Keong

The document discusses partial molar volume, which is the contribution of a component to the total volume of a mixture. It provides examples showing that for ideal mixtures, the total volume equals the sum of the components' individual volumes, while for non-ideal mixtures there are intermolecular interactions that change the total volume. The experiment described measures the densities of water-acetone mixtures to determine the partial molar volumes at different mole fractions through calculations based on mass, volume, and density measurements of the mixtures.

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51 views8 pages

KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Laboratory: Dr. Tan Chee Keong

The document discusses partial molar volume, which is the contribution of a component to the total volume of a mixture. It provides examples showing that for ideal mixtures, the total volume equals the sum of the components' individual volumes, while for non-ideal mixtures there are intermolecular interactions that change the total volume. The experiment described measures the densities of water-acetone mixtures to determine the partial molar volumes at different mole fractions through calculations based on mass, volume, and density measurements of the mixtures.

Uploaded by

Safayet Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KIL 1007

Physical Chemistry Laboratory

PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUME OF SOLUTIONS

Short Lecture

Dr. Tan Chee Keong

11 September 2019
Semester 1, Session 2019/2020
Partial molar volume

o The partial molar volume is the contribution that one component in a


mixture makes to the total volume of the mixture.

o If a mixture is ideal, the volume of the mixture is simply the sum of the
volume of individual components.

o If a mixture behaves non-ideally, the volume of the mixture will not equal
to the sum of the volume of individual components.

o This is because intermolecular interactions in the mixture differ from those


in the pure components.

11 September 2019 2 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab


Illustraitive Example
o Imagine adding 1 mole (18 g) of H2O(l) to a very large volume of water. The
volume would increase by 18 cm3.

(Partial) Molar volume of water = 18 cm3/mol @ mole fraction of H2O = 1.0

o If we added 1 mole of water to a very large volume of ethanol, the volume would
only increase by 14 cm3 due to the difference in magnitude of intermolecular forces
between different components.

Partial molar volume of water =14 cm3/mol @ mole fraction of C2H5OH = 1.0

o Thus, the volume increase depends upon the nature of the solution; i.e. the
number of moles of the various components.

11 September 2019 3 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab


Partial Molar Volume of Water-Ethanol

o In general, the Partial Molar Volume, VJ , of a substance J is defined as

 V 
VJ   
n
 J  p ,T , n '

where n' indicates that the

numbers of moles of all

components except component

J are held constant

11 September 2019 4 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab


Your Experiment
o Mixture: Water-Acetone

o Water-Acetone mixture is a non-ideal solution.

o The total volume of the mixture is not equal to the sum of the volume of individual
components.

o While measuring partial molar volume directly is difficult, it can be shown that
density measurements alone are sufficient to determine the partial molar volumes
of the components in a binary liquid solution (refer to the lab manual for derivation).

o The most common method is to measure directly the mass of a known volume of
solution measured in a pycnometer.

11 September 2019 5 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab


Procedure
o Clean two pycnometers of approximately 25 ml capacity and dry them in an oven
at 120°C.

o Completely dried pycnometers are kept in a desiccator to bring down to room


temperature.

o Prepare 7 mixtures of 30g each, containing acetone and water in concentrations


varying from 0.0 to 1.0 mole fraction of acetone (Recall that partial molar volume
changes with mole fraction of each component).

o We can measure the weight of the pycnometers. With the known volume of
mixture, the density of the mixture can be calculated.

11 September 2019 6 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab


Analysis

M1 M2
V1  V2 
1 2

11 September 2019 7 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab


Precautions

oStay safe and follow the lab rules and regulations.

oUse pycnometer and weighing balance properly. Because small variations in the
handling of the pycnometer can result in significant variations in the mass
measurement.

oHave fun 

Thank you
11 September 2019 8 KIL 1007 Physical Chemistry Lab

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