CCTV (closed circuit television)

CCTV (closed-circuit television)

is a TV system in which signals
are not publicly distributed but
are monitored, primarily for
surveillance and security
purposes.
CCTV is commonly used for a
variety of purposes, including:
•Maintaining perimeter security in medium- to high-secure areas and installations.
•Observing behavior of incarcerated inmates and potentially dangerous patients in
medical facilities.
•Traffic monitoring.
•Overseeing locations that would be hazardous to a human, for example, highly
radioactive or toxic industrial environments.
•Building and grounds security.
•Obtaining a visual record of activities in situations where it is necessary to
maintain proper security or access controls (for example, in a diamond cutting or
sorting operation; in banks, casinos, or airports).
CCTV is finding increasing use in law-enforcement, for everything from traffic
observation (and automated ticketing) to observation of high-crime areas or
neighborhoods. Such use of CCTV technology has fueled privacy concerns in
many parts of the world.
 Understanding the Parts of a CCTV S
urveillance System
From the outside, a CCTV system may look complex or
confusing, but the reality is they are very simple to
understand. There are only a handful of components
needed for a successful CCTV system installation. Once
you understand the basics, buying and installing a CCTV
system could prove to be much easier than you think!
The key to success when installing a CCTV system is
planning, education, and implementation. Here are the
basic components of a CCTV system explained:
Security Cameras:
 Types of security cameras:
• PTZ Camera (*pan– • Remotely positionable
tilt–zoom ) cameras are typically
called PTZ cameras for
their ability to pan, tilt and
zoom in on a subject. This
is a specially designed
fixed camera wrapped in a
cocoon of motors and
gears which allow an
operator to remotely move
it.
 360-degree
Camera:

This has led to a

third type of camera,
the virtual PTZ or
360-degree camera.
Since all the images
are being recorded, it
can face in all
directions and can be
a great forensic tool.
 Network
Cameras:
Allow
 

transmission
of images
through the
internet with
controlled
bandwidth.
 Wireless
Camera:

Allow
frequency
Transmission
to capture and
recieve
images.
 Dome Camera:
 
Named after
the shape of
their housing
are designed
for in-store
installations.
 Bullet
Camera:

These cameras
are recognized
by their thin
and cylindrical
design.
 Security DVR:
Digital Video Recorders
Parts of a CCTV Camera
The security DVR is the heart of a CCTV system. This is where
the video the security cameras are capturing is recorded, stored,
and managed. The security DVR will come with software pre-
loaded that gives you the freedom to manage and configure
each security camera individually. Every security camera will
have to be cabled back to the security DVR. Security DVR’s
are available in 4, 8, and 16 channel configurations, and each
security camera will attach to its own channel. So it is
important to choose the security DVR that will support the
amount of security cameras you are planning to install. Again,
not all security DVR products are the same. Some have faster
recording speeds, more storage, more features, and stronger
warranties. Like anything you always get what you pay for.
Since buying a CCTV system is seen as an investment, it is
always recommended to choose the security DVR that offers
the best warranty. These are electronics and they do fail. 
 High end video recorders have particular
characteristics that make them suited to more
demanding applications. These characteristics will
usually include:
• Higher resolution recording to give better playback quality
• Higher capacity to allow many sources to be recorded for long
periods at high frame rates and high quality
• The ability to be integrated into large CCTV systems, often with
high level interfaces to control and auditing systems
• A robust build quality with features ensuring system integrity,
even if components fail..
• A means to analyze, copy and transmit bulk footage in the event
of a major incident.
• Analytic or advanced search facilities, allowing days weeks or
months of video recording to be filtered down to the required
events very quickly.
CCTV Cables and Connectors:
 Siamese Coaxial
Cable:

Siamese cables are

coaxial cables onto
which a set of power
wires are attached.
These power wires
may be split off from
the coaxial cables in
the event that the
power source is
farther away from
the recording device.
 Twisted-Pair
Cable
UTP
Twisted-pair
cables basically
comprise two
insulated
copper wires
that are twisted
around each
other.
 Optical Fiber
Cable

Optical fiber is the

medium and
technology of data
transmission in the
form of high speed
light pulses along
glass, plastic strand
or fiber.

- Very Expensive
Types of CCTV Connectors
 RCA connector:
 ( Radio Corporation
of America )

An RCA connector,
sometimes called
a phono
connector is a type
of 
electrical connector
 commonly used to
carry audio and
video signals.
BNC connector
 ( Bayonet Neill–
Concelman )

*is a miniature quick

connect/disconnect 
radio frequency connector
 used for coaxial cable.

*BNC connectors are made

to match the 
characteristic impedance of
cable at either 50 ohms or
75 ohms. They are usually
applied for frequencies
below 4 GHz and voltages
below 500 volts.
Female Jack Connector Adapter 5.5mm Outer, 2.1mm Inner, Screw
Terminal
Male Jack Connector Adapter 5.5mm Outer,
2.1mm Inner, Screw Terminal
CCTV Power Supply:
• The CCTV power supply will allow you to
power the security cameras. CCTV power
supplies are available in 24VAC or 12VDC
power types, and they are offered with
different voltage strengths. So you need to
evaluate the amount and type of power
your security cameras need, and choose the
right power supply to support them. CCTV
power supplies are available in single, 4, 9,
and 16 camera configurations. The CCTV
power supply is where the power cable in
the Siamese CCTV cable will be connected
to on one end, while the other end is
connected directly to the security camera.
CCTV power supplies are simple to install
and maintain, along with being very
durable and long lasting. 
CCTV Monitor
 VSAB
Video Signal Amplifier Booster
• The VSAB is a one
channel surveillance
amplifier that can
increase the CCTV
video transmission
range of an analog
CCTV security camera
to 1000 meters / 3280
feet over 
RG59 coaxial cable.
 Tools:
• There are minimal tools needed to install a CCTV
system. A basic screw driver will allow you to
mount your security cameras, and you will need a
cable stripper to prepare the CCTV cable, and a
termination tool to install BNC connectors on the
ends of the CCTV cable. Other than these few basic
tools, a CCTV system really just entails attaching
numerous products together. This is why almost
anyone can install a CCTV system on their own! 
 Putting it all together!
• As you can see a CCTV system consists of
only a handful of different components or
devices. And it takes very little effort to install
them all and get the system up and running.
The best advice is to do the research, educate
yourself, and not overlook any components.
Each component is important and must be
implemented correctly, but if you do a little
research you can get all the information you
need to ensure your CCTV system is a
complete success!