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Chapter 19: The Binomial Test

The document discusses the binomial test, which tests hypotheses about population proportions for binomial data where individuals are classified into two categories. It describes how the binomial test works, including defining the null hypothesis, collecting a sample of n individuals classified into categories A or B, and using the sample statistic X to compare to the hypothesized population value using a z-test when sample sizes are large. It also briefly introduces the sign test, a special case of the binomial test used to evaluate repeated measures designs by classifying difference scores as increases or decreases.

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68 views

Chapter 19: The Binomial Test

The document discusses the binomial test, which tests hypotheses about population proportions for binomial data where individuals are classified into two categories. It describes how the binomial test works, including defining the null hypothesis, collecting a sample of n individuals classified into categories A or B, and using the sample statistic X to compare to the hypothesized population value using a z-test when sample sizes are large. It also briefly introduces the sign test, a special case of the binomial test used to evaluate repeated measures designs by classifying difference scores as increases or decreases.

Uploaded by

abdeljelile
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 19: The Binomial Test

1
The Binomial Test
• The binomial test provides a method for
testing hypotheses about population
proportions for populations consisting of
binomial data.
• Binomial data exist when the
measurement procedure classifies
individuals into exactly two distinct
categories.

2
The Binomial Test (cont.)
• Traditionally, the two categories are identified as
A and B, and the population proportions are
identified as p(A) = p and p(B) = q.
• The null hypothesis specifies the values of p and
q for the population.
• For example, when testing whether or not a coin
is balanced, the null hypothesis would state that
the coin is balanced or, p(Heads) = p = .50, and
p(Tails) = q = .50.

3
The Binomial Test (cont.)
• The sample data for the binomial test
consist of a sample of n individuals each
of whom is classified in category A or B.
• The sample statistic, X, is simply the
number of individuals classified in
category A.
• The logic underlying the binomial test is
identical to the logic for the original z‑score
test or the t‑statistic hypothesis tests.
5
The Binomial Test (cont.)
• The test statistic compares the sample
data with the hypothesized value for the
population.
• If the data are consistent with the
hypothesis, we conclude that the
hypothesis is reasonable.
• However, if there is a large discrepancy
between the data and the hypothesis, we
reject the hypothesis.
6
The Binomial Test (cont.)
• When the values of pn and qn are both greater
than or equal to 10, the binomial distribution is
approximately normal with a mean of μ = pn and
a standard deviation of σ = npq.
• In this case, the binomial test can be conducted
by transforming the X value from the sample into
a z-score and then using the unit normal table to
determine critical values.
• If the z-score is only slightly into the critical
region, you should check both real limits for X to
ensure that the entire score is beyond the critical
boundary.
8
The Sign Test
• The sign test is a special application of the
binomial test used to evaluate the results from a
repeated-measures research design comparing
two treatment conditions.
• The difference score for each individual is
classified as either an increase (+) or a decrease
(–) and the binomial test evaluates a null
hypothesis stating that increases and decreases
are equally likely: p(+) = p(–) = 1/2.

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