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Framed Structure

The document discusses different building structural systems. It describes loads that act on structures like gravity, wind, and seismic loads. Common structural materials are then outlined, including reinforced concrete, steel, timber, and prefabricated systems. For each material, the document lists advantages and disadvantages. Reinforced concrete is the most widely used system locally due to its economy, fire resistance, and durability. Different structural members for concrete and steel buildings like footings, columns, beams, and slabs are also defined.

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133 views

Framed Structure

The document discusses different building structural systems. It describes loads that act on structures like gravity, wind, and seismic loads. Common structural materials are then outlined, including reinforced concrete, steel, timber, and prefabricated systems. For each material, the document lists advantages and disadvantages. Reinforced concrete is the most widely used system locally due to its economy, fire resistance, and durability. Different structural members for concrete and steel buildings like footings, columns, beams, and slabs are also defined.

Uploaded by

ashenafi.a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Building Construction

CENG 3083

Chapter Two

Building structural
system
By Demoz Asfaw
prepared by Demoz Asfaw @ DBU 1 4/20/21
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Reinforced concrete structures
 Steel framed structures
 Timber structures
 Prefabricated building systems
 Shell and dome structures
Loads and environmental forces acting on structural systems are:

 Live and dead loads


 Gravity loads
 Wind loads
 Earthquake /seismic loads
 Heat and cold

 All of these loads tend to distort the building envelope and to cause it to
collapse;
 it is to prevent this from happening that a structure is provided.

3
 The function of a structure is generally to supply the strength and rigidity
which are required to prevent a building from collapsing.

 More precisely, it is the part of a building which conducts the loads which are
imposed on it from the points where they arise to the ground underneath the
building, where they can ultimately be resisted .

4
 The structural systems could be either concrete, steel, timber, prefabricated
element , or a combination.
 The selection of the appropriate structural system or combination of systems
depends on:
 Soil conditions
 Applicable codes
 Local construction capabilities and preferences
 Ease of construction and schedule
 Cost of the selected system
 Appearance and aesthetic potential
Reinforced concrete structure

7
 Concrete is a product obtained artificially by hardening of the mixture of

i. Binding material (cement),


ii. Fine aggregate(sand),
iii. Coarse aggregate (gravel),and
iv. Water, in predetermined proportions.

 The property of concrete depend on the characteristic of the

 Ingredients and the proportion of the mix.


Advantages and disadvantages of concrete structures

Advantages disadvantages

 High compressive strength  Low tensile strength


 Economical  Crack
 Fire resistant  Volume instability
 Durable
 Ability to be cast

9 4/20/21
 Reinforced concrete (RCC) is a concrete in which steel reinforcement bars have been
incorporated to eliminate the major weakness of concrete (tensile strength).

 The number, diameter, spacing, shape and type of bars to be used have to be
designed.
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

 A reinforced concrete structure is made up of many types of reinforced


structural members , including:
 Footings
 Columns
 Beams
 Slabs
 walls …
 FOOTINGS

 Footings support the entire structure and distribute the load to the
ground.

 The size and shape of a footing depend up on the design of the


structure.

12 4/20/21
Footings cont.
COLUMNS

 These are the vertical load bearing members


of the structural frame which transmits the beam
loads down to the foundations.
 BEAMS

 These are horizontal load bearing members which are classified as either
 Main beams : which transmit floor and secondary beam loads to the columns or
 Secondary beams : which transmit floor loads to the main beams.
SLABS
 Carry the live loads of the building and transfer them to the beams.
Steel Structure

18 4/20/21
 Steel is suitable for all construction purposes in the present day practice.

 Steel bars are used as reinforcement


 Construction of buildings

 Construction of steel bridges


 Erection of towers ,etc.

The construction of structural steel involves two principal operation: fabrication &
erection.
 STRUCTURAL STEEL CONNECTORS
 There are four basic connectors used in making structural steel connections. They
are bolts, welds, pins, and rivets.
Bolt pin

21 4/20/21
Advantages and disadvantages of steel structures

advantages disadvantages

 High tensile strength  Susceptible to rust and corrosion


 Will not crack  Requires fire proofing
 Recyclable  Emission of gas during production
 Consistent material quality  Conductor of heat and sound
 Speedy construction
 Large displacement before collapse

22 4/20/21
TIMBER STRUCTURE

23 4/20/21
INTRODUCTION

 Wood has always been a very good construction material since olden times.
 And it is still used extensively for construction purpose, furniture ,formwork .

 Wood that is suitable for structural work is called timber.


 It can be used as: Beams, rafters , Trusses
 The qualities of timber depend up on:

 Type of tree
 Maturity of tree
 Time of felling
 Type and process of preservation

25 4/20/21
Advantages and disadvantages of timber structures

advantages disadvantages

 Quick erection time  Susceptible to decay


 Economical and cheap  Not fire resistance
 Light weight structural members  Crack
 Non conductor of heat and sound  Requires regular maintenance

26 4/20/21
Review questions

1. What do you understand by structural system of a building ?


2. Discuss the different loads and environmental forces acting on structural systems ?

3. Discuss the conditions for selection of structural systems.


4. Briefly discuss the advantage and disadvantages of concrete, steel, timber and precast
concrete structures.
5. Concrete structures are the most widely used structural systems in our country. Why ?

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of shell and dome structures ? Discuss
types of shell and dome structures ?
THANK YOU!

prepared by Demoz Asfaw @ DBU 28 4/20/21

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