ROOF PLAN

BY: ENGR. DANIELYN F. PLAZOS

 DEFINITION OF ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF
CONTENTS
DESIGN
PARTS OF THE ROOF

MATERIALS
DEFINITION OF THE ROOF

 A roof is the top covering of a building, including all

materials and constructions necessary to support it on the
walls of the building or on uprights, providing protection
against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature,
and wind.
DEFINITION OF THE ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

 When designing a building, it can often be taken for granted that

the roof is a one shape-fits-all affair, but this is definitely not the
case. There are a huge number of roof types, all serving a different
purpose and more suitable to certain weather conditions and
building styles.
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

1. Bonnet Roof - Bonnet roofs are essentially a mansard roof in

reverse. Also known as kicked eaves, a bonnet roof has four sides with
a steep upper slope, and a more gentle lower slope, providing cover
around the edges of the house for a porch. This style is more
commonly seen in builds from the 1700s, but is often seen as outdated
for modern builders.
BONNET ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

2. Box Gable Roof - Box gable roofs have two sloping sides that meet
to form a ridge, with a triangular extension on either side that is boxed
off from the walls. This type of roof is popular for areas with cold
weather conditions, providing a stable design that deals well with rain
and snow.
BOX
GABLE
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

3. Butterfly Roof - A butterfly roof, otherwise known as an inverted

pitch roof, emulates the wings of a butterfly with two tandem pieces
of roofing angled upwards to form a V-shape. The style is an eye-
catching, modern look for buildings, and provides the added benefit of
allowing larger walls and windows to a structure, with an easily
managed way of harvesting rainwater through the middle channel in
the roof.
BUTTERFLY
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

4. Clerestory Roof - A clerestory roof has an interior wall built

extending above one section of the roof, with this section of wall often
lined with several windows, or one long window. The sections of roof
either side of the vertical wall are typically sloping, allowing a large
amount of natural light into the windows.
CLERESTORY
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

5. Combination Roof - A combination roof is, quite literally, a

combination of types of roofs. Often incorporating two or more
designs for aesthetics and practical reasons, combination roofs can
feature a range of styles; a clerestory and hip roof, for example. This
is a great option for a unique, interesting look.
COMBINATION
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

6. Cross Gabled Roof - A cross gable roof is a design that consists of

two or more gable roof ridges that intersect at an angle, most
commonly perpendicular to one another. This type of roof is often
seen in buildings with a more complex layout, for example, homes
with an attached garage.
CROSS GABLED
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

7. Cross Hip Roof - A cross hipped roof is a common roof type, with
perpendicular hip sections that form an ‘L’ or ‘T’ shape in the roof hip.
This is a great option for buildings with a more complex layout than a
simple rectangle of square, and is a type of roof that will hold well in
rain, snow or windy conditions.
CROSS HIP
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

8. Curved Roof - A curved roof adds an extremely modern,

interesting feature to any building. Modern roofs take advantage of the
flexibility of metal materials, creating one large curved structure.
Curved roofs do help to reduce resistance to wind, but are mainly
chosen due to the stunning aesthetic look they can add to a building.
CURVED
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

9. Dome Roof - A dome roof, unsurprisingly, is a roof in the shape of

a dome. A complex and durable design, this type of roof adds a
beautiful aesthetic to a building, and can be seen in many historical
buildings from the Capitol Building in Washington DC, to the iconic
St Paul’s Cathedral in London.
DOME ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

10. Domer - Dormers contain a window that projects vertically from a

traditional pitched roof, creating an extended window in the roof. This
type of roof is most popular in loft conversions, providing an easy
way of expanding the space and natural light in the converted loft
room.
DOMER
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

11. Dutch Gable Roof - The Dutch gable (hip) roof is a hybrid of a
gable and hip type of roof. A full or partial gable can be found at the
end of the ridge in the roof, allowing for a greater amount of internal
roof space. This style also improves the look of the roof, providing a
more unique and interesting design than the very common simple hip
roof.
DUTCH
GABLE ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

12. Flat Roof - Flat roofs have just a slight pitch to allow water to
run-off and drain. Although they are most commonly used for
industrial and commercial buildings such as offices and warehouses,
flat roofs can also be a popular roof type for homes - the flat space is
perfect for a roof-top garden.
FLAT ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

13. Front Gable- Front gable roofs have the roof ridge in line with the
building’s entrance. This type of roof is commonly seen on Colonial-
style homes, but is an increasingly popular design for modern
buildings.
FRONT
GABLE
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

14. Gable Roof with Shed Roof Addition - Some gable roof designs
have a shed roof addition on the side. This is a popular alteration to
the standard gable roof, providing more headroom and space for an
extension without having to completely alter the existing roof.
GABLE ROOF
WITH SHED
ROOF
ADDITION
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

15. Gambrel Roof - Most commonly seen in barns, a gambrel roof is

a symmetrical two-sided roof with a shallow upper-section, and
steeper lower slope on each side. This design maximises on the space
within the loft of a building, but are mostly used on outhouses and
barns due to their unsuitability in heavy wind or snowfall areas.
GAMBREL ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

16. Hexagonal Gazebo Roof - This complex roofing design makes

any garden gazebo really stand out. Formed of six triangular
identically pitched roof panels and six supporting rafters, this type of
roof is most typically used for a beautifully unique gazebo addition to
a home or commercial garden lawn.
HEXAGONAL
GAZEBO ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

17. Hip and Valley Roof - Hip and valley roofs have a total of four
sloping surfaces, with two joined on a common ridge, and the other
two on either end of the central ridge. This design is very similar to
the trapezoid structure of gable roofs, with the addition of the two
triangular hip ends the only real distinguishing factor.
HIP AND
VALLEY
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

18. Mansard Roof - A mansard roof is a four-sided gambrel roof,

with each side having a double slope of one steep slope, and one
shallow upper slope. Mansard roofs are a popular option for buildings
wishing to maximize the amount of living space in the building,
providing the option to use the loft as an additional living space.
MANSARD
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

19. M-Shaped Roof - An M-shaped roof is double-pitched roof;

essentially a double gable. The roof rests on two bearing walls with
two sloping walls meeting in the middle to form an ‘M’ shape. Central
guttering runs between the two pitches to stop any snow or rain
building up in the winter season.
M-SHAPED
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

20. Open Gable Roof - An open gable roof is identical to a box gable
roof, with the only exception the boxed off sides on either end. In this
type of roof, the ends are left open to meet the walls directly. There
are no added benefits between the two, the choice is purely based on
aesthetics.
OPEN GABLE
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

21. Parapet Roof - A parapet roof is a flat roof with the walls of the
building extending upwards past the roof by a few feet around the
edges. The addition of a parapet makes a flat roof far safer, providing
a small barrier that provides additional security to reduce the
likelihood of anyone standing the roof falling over the edge.
PARAPET
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

22. Pyramid Hip Roof - A pyramid hip roof is identical to a simple

hip roof, but the walls are square rather than rectangular, making the
shape of the building’s roof slope come to a point in a pyramid shape
at the top. This type of roof is extremely resistant to strong winds, so
is ideal for high-wind or hurricane prone areas.
PYRAMID
HIP
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

23. Saltbox Roof - An asymmetrical design in which one side of the

roof is a sloping flat roof, with the other side more of a lean-to,
creating a gable in the middle. More commonly seen in older colonial-
style houses, this distinctive durable roofing style is often seen
nowadays in industrial buildings and garages.
SALTBOX
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

24. Shed Roof or Skillion - A skillion roof has a single flat surface
pitched at a steep angle to allow water runoff. Also known as a ‘shed
roof’, skillion roofs are extremely easy and cheap to construct as they
are made of simply one piece of roofing.
SHED
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

25. Simple Hip Roof - The popular simple hip roof is a type of roof
where all four sides feature symmetrical gentle slopes towards the
walls, with no gables or vertical sides to the roof. The defining feature
of hip roofs is that the roof faces are almost always identical in pitch,
making them symmetrical from the centre point.
SIMPLE HIP
ROOF
TYPES OF ROOF DESIGN

26. Skillion and Lean to Roof - A lean-to roof, similar to a skillion

roof, is composed of one angled pitch. The roof is supported at one
end by a wall raised higher than the other, enabling the roof to be
pitched at a steeper angle to allow runoff in heavy rain.
SKILLION
AND LEAN TO
ROOF
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
1. G.I. Sheet Roof - It is
essentially a roof cover
that comes in
corrugated and
rectangular shapes.
They are installed at the
roof’s eaves after the
roof decking is placed.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
2.Ridge - It is technically
known as the ridge board. It is
the horizontal wood or metal
resting at the roof’s peak
creating the roof’s triangle. In
technical terms, it is the highest
peak on a roof. In terms of
function, the ridge is connected
to the rafters and trusses to
make the roof’s frame.
Interestingly, it is also used to
refer to a roof board or beam
used in building the roof’s ridge
entirely. 
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
3. Valley - It connects two
pitched/sloped roofs,
forming an angle of 90
degrees. It supports the
valley rafter which in turn
supports an internal 
roof gutter where water and
small debris will fall and
trickle down to the external
gutter.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
4. Eave - It is considered as the
lowest point in a
pitched/gabled/mansard roof.
They are also called roof edges
overhanging from the wall’s
face projecting from the side of
the house. It is the one that
connects the gutters to the roof.
Technically, it functions to clear
the wall with water trickling
down the surface.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
5. Soffit - It is a fixture
considered to be both aesthetic
and functional. This is the roof
structure that you will see when
you straighten a roof up. It is
located in between the wall and
the roof’s eaves.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
6. Rake - While it is
considered as one of
several roof sections, the
rake is not exactly found
on the roof. It is used to
describe the sloped sides
at the ends of a gabled
roof. It can be flat or
with overhangs.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
7. Sidewall - It is one of the
types of walls used in roof
flashing (which is a
waterproofing material to
prevent water infiltration),
specifically in base and step
flashing.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
8. Flashing - Its main
function is to prevent water
from passing through roof
openings and other critical
areas in the roof where
water could pool. Thus, it is
typically mounted in roof
valleys, vents, chimneys and
skylights.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
9. Downspout - It is the pipe
installed vertically from the
roof down to the ground. It is
the pipe connected to the
external gutter and channels the
expelled water down to a
designated point.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
10. Fascia - It is also called
roof lines. The fascia would be
the boards running the points
where outer walls of the house
meet the roofs.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
11. Gutter - It is an important
external roof fixture. It is a duct
functioning as a water
discharging system for the
house. For the gutter to serve its
purpose though, it has to be
installed in an angle where the
water it pushes off would not
fall directly around the house
grounds.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
11. Rafter - It is essentially the
wood/metal frames that work as
the frame/skeleton of the roof.
Thus, it is one of the most
important parts of a roof
because without it, there will be
no structure to the roof entirely.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
12.Truss- A roof truss consists
of top chords, bottom chords,
internal web members and
steel connector plates at all
junctions to connect the
timbers together and the
combination of timber and
plates support the roof
loadings throughout the truss
and down into the load bearing
supports below
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
13. Purlins - Purlin is a
horizontal beam or bar used for
structural support in structures,
most often below the roof.
Purlins are supported either by
the building’s rafters or its
walls.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
14. Ridge Roll - A wood
strip, rounded on top, which
is used to finish the ridge of
a roof, often covered with
lead sheathing; a metal or
tile covering which caps
the ridge of a roof.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
15. Sag Rod- A rod for
preventing the sagging of an
open-web steel joist that is used
as a purlin with its depth at
right angles to a roof slope.
PARTS OF
THE ROOF
16. Cross bracing with
Turning Buckle - Cross
bracing is used to keep
buildings stable when the wind
blows and during seismic
events, such as an earthquake.
It also limits the building's
lateral movement, reducing the
likelihood of damage to the
structure's components and
cladding.
MATERIALS

1. For Roof
MATERIALS

1. For Roof
 WOOD STEEL
OTHER
MATERIALS

CONCRETE