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Principles of Bioethics

The document discusses several principles related to bioethics and the role of nurses as stewards. It describes the principle of stewardship as referring to health care practitioners' responsibility to provide necessary care and promote health for those entrusted to their care. It also discusses nurses serving as leaders and influencing decision-making. Finally, it outlines nurses' roles from personal, social, ecological, and biomedical perspectives as well as their ethical responsibilities in surgery.

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Bryan Quebral
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3K views44 pages

Principles of Bioethics

The document discusses several principles related to bioethics and the role of nurses as stewards. It describes the principle of stewardship as referring to health care practitioners' responsibility to provide necessary care and promote health for those entrusted to their care. It also discusses nurses serving as leaders and influencing decision-making. Finally, it outlines nurses' roles from personal, social, ecological, and biomedical perspectives as well as their ethical responsibilities in surgery.

Uploaded by

Bryan Quebral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principle of Bioethics

Principle of stewardship and role


of nurses as Stewards
STEWARDESS
 Is a person appointed in the place of
another.He/she takes charge of
representing and protecting another’s
interest, and sees to it that the service is
carried out faithfully. O
T
H
nt
Manageme E
R
S

supervision
STEWARDSHIP
Principle of stewardship and role
of nurses as Stewards

IN HEALTH CARE PRACTICE

 Refers to the execution of responsibilty of the health


care practitioners to look after, provide necessary health
care services and promote the health and life of those
entrusted to their care.
ORIGIN AND MEANING

TRADITIONAL DEFINITIONS

 In the book of Genesis, God appoints humanity as the steward of creation

 In the old testament, it tell us about the story of Joseph, who is sold by his
brothers in to slavery and becomes Putiphar’s steward and also the Pharaoh’s

 in the new testament, the parable of talents describe another aspect of


stewardship in which the master divides his worldly goods between his three
servant
ORIGIN AND MEANING

STATE-ORIENTED
DEFINITIONS

 The function of the government is responsible for the welfare


and interest of the population, especially the trust and legitimacy
with which its activities are viewed by the general public
NURSE LEADERS AS STEWARDS

Stewards, as well as practising nurses who seek to preserve and


promote values at the point of service, may influence managers in
their decision about who ought to receive what services and how and
thus influence change in health care organization

 French urges nurse leaders to engage others and work


collaboratively to establish and achieve a vision and purpose that
affects the well-being of a system or organization rather than promote
their self-interest.
NURSE LEADERS AS STEWARDS

LEADERS ARE:

 ORIENTED TO SELF
Reflects the value of individualism

perceive themselves as the decision makers and others as implementers

 SYSTEM-ORIENTED LEADERS
Reflects the value of collectivism

priority the well-being of the organization, show respect to all members


NURSE LEADERS AS STEWARDS

 In order for nurses to influence decision making at the point of


service, there is a need to invigorate nursing leadership

 Storch urges nurses to establish health care environments that


promote value-based nursing practice by recognizing that – who
one is- One’s moral character is essentail
Kowalski and Yoder-Wise identify character as a core
characteristic of a leader
 Parse writes that leadership is grounded in the leaders’ qualities
ROLE OF NURSES AS STEWARDS

PERSONAL
 A nurse who exercises stewardship at the point of service in
accordance with Maclntyre’s theory of virtue ethics will facilitate
nurse’s justification of their shared value priorities within
profesional settings such as tha Canadian Nurses Association code
of ethics

Thus, stewards and nurses may preserve and promote what is


intrisically valuable in nursing practice. It may be argued also that
as stewards facilitate nurses discernment of embedded values,
nurses will increasingly balance self interest with service to others
ROLE OF NURSES AS STEWARDS

SOCIAL
 Health care has been identified as Canadians’ number one
public priority- and nurses play a central role in delivering
health care
Nurses advocate for health promotion, educate patients and
the public on the prevention of illness and injury, provide care
and assist in cure, participate in rehabilitation, and provide
suppor. No other health care professional has such a broad
and far-reaching role
ROLE OF NURSES AS STEWARDS

ECOLOGICAL
 The nursing profession is well positioned to tackle the challenges of
waste reduction within hospital systems
The healthcare sector generates a massive amount of waste,
contributing to environmental issues, such as air and water pollution

Nurses have the ability to use their trusted skill sets and lead the way
for sustainable, healthy communities and environments which they serve
 Current healthcare waste disposal methods
Nurses comprise the largest profession in health care and are adept
at educating researching, and leading in waste reduction
ROLE OF NURSES AS STEWARDS

BIOMEDICAL
 BIOETHICS is a branch of applied ethics that refers the
discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological
research and applications especially in the medicine. It involves
issues relating to the beginning and end of human life

Withholding nutrition can constitute nursing neglect and expose


the nurse o criminal charges of negligence or conspiracy to commit
suicide
z
The Principle of
Totality and its
Integrity
z

Principle of Totality of a Human Person


 To promote human dignity In community, every
person must develop, use,care for and preserved all
of his or her natural physical andd psychic functions
in such a way that:

a. Lower functions are never sacrificed except for the


better functioning of the whole person and even then
with an effort to compensate for this sacrifice.

b. The basic capacities that define human personhood


are never sacrificed unless this is necessary to
preserve life.
z

Principle of Totality of a Human Person


 To be a complete human being is not merely having
the higher level of functions but to have all basic
human functions Imin harmonious order.

 Human body function contribute to higher functions


not merely by supplying what is needed for
physiological functioning, they also supply part of
the human experience that is essential to human
intelligence and freedom.

 The good of the part is essentially subordinate to the


good of the whole.
z

Principle of Totality of a
Human Person
 In case danger to itself, the whole can dispose of the
part for its own benefit.

 In a living physical organism such as the human


organism, the parts by their very nature exist for the
sake of the whole.
z

Conditions for Principle of Totality


1. That the organ by its deterioration in function may
cause damage to the whole organism or at least
pose a serious threat to it.

2. That there is no other way than taking the indicated


action against it or obtaining the desired good result.

3. That the damage being avoided to the whole is


propositional to that which is caused by the
mutilation or incapacitation of the part.
z

Conditions for Principle of Totality

 This principle of totality does not apply to moral


organization (family, society and humanity), a
person is still independent. He is not a subordinate
to any group. He is the subject, principle, and end of
all social institutions.

 Authorityy cannot directly dispose the physical and


personal being of a person, removal of the
undesirable or weak parts of the society.
z

Ethico-Moral Responsibility of
Nurses in Surgery

CORE COMPETENCY 1:
Respects the rights of individual/ groups

Indicator:
○ Renders nursing care consistent with the patient’s bill
of rights (ie. confidentiality of information, privacy, etc.)
z

Ethico-Moral Responsibility of
Nurses in Surgery
CORE COMPETENCY 2
Accepts responsibility & accountability for own
decisions and actions

Indicators:
○ Meets nursing accountability requirements as
embodied in the job description
○ Justifies basis for nursing actions and judgment
○ Protects a positive image of the profession
z

Ethico-Moral Responsibility
of Nurses in Surgery

CORE COMPETENCY 3
Adheres to the national and international code of ethics
for nurses

Indicators:
○ Adheres to the Code of Ethics for Nurses and abides
by its provisions
○ Reports unethical and immoral incidents to proper
authorities
z

Ethical Issues

1. Mutilation

 Destruction of a member, part/organ of the body


(organic) or the suppression of a physical function
(functional) in such a way that the organism
becomes no longer basically whole.

 Is an action by which an organic function/ the use of


a member of the body is intentionally and destroyed
either partially or wholly.
ORDINARY
AND
EXTRAORDINARY
MEASURES
ORDINARY CARE
Conserving one’s life is
distinguished from ordinary medical
procedures.
Preserving life consists of the
medical treatment that offers a
reasonable hope of benefit for the
patient or that can be obtained or
used without excessive pain, burden
or expence.
ORDINARY CARE
Morally obligatory as they are likely
to help the patient.
Means of conserving life must offer
some hope of benefit. This hope of
benefit must be more than simply the
hope of postponing the
inevitable/death.
EXTRAORDINARY CARE
A treatment or life-sustaining measure can
be extraordinary because it is too painful,
frightening, hazardous or disruptive for the
patient, or it is financially too burdensome
for the patient, family, hospital or health
service which must also consider other
patients who would benefit more from the
same resource allocation. It does not offer
a reasonable hope of benefit.
Applied optionally as the benefit to the
patient is not immediately obvious or
subject to considerable debate.
ORDINARY VS
EXTRAORDINARY
An infant is born with Down’s CAREincompetent woman
An 87-year-old
syndrome, indicating probable with congestive heart and kidney
mental retardation. He needs very failure has primary cancer of the
low-risk surgery for an easily intestine. Surgery is the usual treat
correctable intestinal defect. If ment for such cancer, but the family
untreated the baby will not be able and doctor decide against it. 
to retain food and will die. The Answer: Extraordinary care:
parents refuse surgery, stating that Because of the advanced age and
the mental retardation will mean a serious medical condition of the
less than meaningful life for the patient, the surgery that might be
baby.  considered ordinary care becomes
Answer: This case involves extraordinary care because of its high
ordinary care; illegal decision: risk under these circumstances. Legal
Parents may not refuse ordinary decision: Extraordinary care is not
care; the refusal of surgery would obligatory.
result in the proximate cause of
death for the child they have a
legal duty to protect. Courts,
however, usually have ruled in
Principle of
Personalized
Sexuality
Priscilla Marie Macasaddug
Marianne Viloria
What is

Sexuality?
Sexuality is

a complex aspect of our


personality and self.
Our sexuality is defined by sexual
thoughts, desires and longings,
erotic fantasies, turn-ons and
experiences.
How about

Personalized
Sexuality?
Personalized Sexuaity

Is based on the understanding of


sexuality as one of the
basic traits of the human person
and must be developed in ways
consistent with enhancing human
dignity.
Personalized Sexuality is an

element of human character


that often leads to a loss of
human dignity and an
inability to pursue the truly
fulfilling goals of human life.
As the image of God, man is created for love.

GENESIS 1-3
Teaches that God created persons as male
and female and blessed their sexuality as a great and good
gift.
THE GIFT
OF
SEXUALITY
The Gift of Sexuality

Must be used in
keeping with its
intrinsic,
indivisible,
specifically human
teleology.
The Gift of Sexuality

Must be a loving,
bodily, pleasurable
expression of the
complementary,
permanent self-giving
of a man and a woman
to each other.
General 1. Sex is a search for sensual pleasure and
satisfaction, releasing physical and psychic

recognized tensions.

values:
General 2. Sex is a search for the completion of the
human person through an intimate

recognized personal union of love expressed by bodily


union.

values:
General 3. Sex is a social necessity for the
procreation of children and their education

recognized in the family so as to expand the human


community and guarantee its future
beyond the death of individual members.

values:
General
recognized
4. Sex is a symbolic (sacramental) mystery,
somehow revealing the cosmic order.

values:
LOVE &
ECSTACY

= SYMBOLIC
SEX MYSTERY
2 NORMS OF
SEXUALITY:
1. Laws or social attitudes that 2. Sexual behavior, atleast
hinder human freedom to among conseting adults, is
achieve these values in ways entirely a private matter to be
the individual desires are unjust determined by personal choice,
and oppressive, and free from any moral guilt.
End of Slide
Principle of Personalized Sexuality

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