CONICS

Definition :- The locus of point moves in a

plane such a way that the ratio of its
distance from fixed point (focus) to a fixed
Straight line (Directrix) is always constant.
Conic Curve
M P
Directrix
F
C
V
Focus

Fixed straight line is called as directrix.

Fixed point is called as focus.
 The line passing through focus &
perpendicular to directrix is called as axis.

The intersection of conic curve with axis is

called as vertex.

Conic Curve
M P Axis
Directrix
F
C
V
Vertex Focus
 Conic Curve
M P Axis
Directrix
F
C
V
Vertex Focus
N Q

Distance of a point from focus

Ratio =
Distance of a point from directrix
= Eccentricity
= PF/PM = QF/QN = VF/VC
= e
 ELLIPSE
Ellipse is the locus of a point which moves in
a plane so that the ratio of its distance
from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed
straight line (Directrix) is a constant and
less than one.

P Ellipse
M Axis
Directrix
Vertex F
C V
Focus Eccentricity=PF/PM
N = QF/QN
Q
< 1.
 PARABOLA
Definition :-
The parabola is the locus of a point, which
moves in a plane so that its distance from a
fixed point (focus) and a fixed straight line
(directrix) are always equal.
Ratio (known as eccentricity) of its distances
from focus to that of directrix is constant
and equal to one (1). Parabola
M P
Directrix
Axis
Vertex F
C V
Eccentricity = PF/PM Focus
= QF/QN N Q
= 1.
 HYPERBOLA
It is the locus of a point which moves in a
plane so that the ratio of its distances
from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed
straight line (directrix) is constant and
grater than one.

P Hyperbola
M Axis
Directrix
F
C
V Eccentricity = PF/PM
Vertex Focus
N = QF/QN
Q
> 1.
OBLONG METHOD

P4 C P4’
4 P3 P3’ 4’

Minor Axis
3 3’
P2 P2’
2 S 2’
P1 P1’
1 1’
0 P0 Major Axis 0’
A 1 2 3 4 4’ 3’ 2’ 1’ B

P1 P1’’

P2 P2’’

P3 P3’’
P4 DP4’’
ELLIPSE – DIRECTRIX FOCUS METHOD
g
f  < 45º
Ellipse e
d
D1

c Eccentricity = 2/3
b P P P6 P7
a P3 4 5
Directrix

Q P1 P2 QV1 V1F1 2

f`
= =

=6
R= R1V1 R1V1 3

R
1a
R1  1 2 3 4 5 6 7
V1 F1
Dist. Between directrix
90° & focus = 50 mm
P1’
T P2’
N

P3’P ’ 1 part = 50/(2+3)=10 mm

4 P5’ P6’ P ’
S 7 V1F1 = 2 part = 20 mm
D1

T V R = 3 part = 30 mm
1 1
 PARABOLA –RECTANGLE METHOD
D V C
0 P1 P1 0
P2 P2 PARABOLA
1 1
P3 P3
2 2
P4 P4
3 3

4 P5 P5 4

5 5
P6 P6
6A 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 B6
 PARABOLA 10 0
TANGENT METHOD 9 1
8 2
7 3
6 4
5 V 5
4 6
F
3 7
2 8
1  9
0 10
A O B
D PARABOLA
DIRECTRIX FOCUS METHOD
P4
P3
P2

R4
PF

R3
R2
P1

RF
R1
AXIS
R V 1 F 2
90° 3 4
T 90°
N
P1’
PF’ S
DIRECTRIX

P2’
P3’
P4’

N T
D
Directrix and focus method 4’

DIRECTRIX D
P4
3’
T2 P3
2’
P2
1’
s P1

T
EN
NG
AXIS

TA
C V 1 F12 3 4
T1

P1’

P2’

P3’
D

P4’
 CYCLOIDAL GROUP OF CURVES
When one curve rolls over another curve without
slipping or sliding, the path Of any point of the rolling
curve is called as ROULETTE.
When rolling curve is a circle and the curve on which it
rolls is a straight line Or a circle, we get CYCLOIDAL
GROUP OF CURVES.
Cycloidal Curves

Cycloid Epy Cycloid Hypo Cycloid

Inferior Superior Inferior Superior

Trochoid Trochoid Hypotrochoid Hypotrochoid

Inferior Superior
Epytrochoid Epytrochoid
CYCLOID:-
Cycloid is a locus of a point on the
circumference of a rolling circle(generator),
which rolls without slipping or sliding along a
fixed straight line or a directing line or a
director.
Rolling Circle or Generator
P
R

C C

P P
Directing Line or Director
 EPICYCLOID:-
Epicycloid is a locus of a point(P) on the circumference
of a rolling circle(generator), which rolls without slipping or
sliding OUTSIDE another circle called Directing Circle.
P0

Rolling
Circle

r
P0 P0
Ø/2 Ø/2

Rd x Ø = 2πr O
Rd Circumference of
Ø = 360º x r/Rd Arc P0P0 =
HYPOCYCLOID:-
Hypocycloid is a locus of a point(P) on the circumference of
a rolling circle(generator), which rolls without slipping or sliding
INSIDE another circle called Directing
Vertical
Circle.`

Rolling Circle Directing

Radius (r) Circle(R)

P P
T

Ø /2 Ø /2

O 360 x r
R Hypocycloid Ø= R
 : Given Data :
Draw cycloid for one revolution of a rolling circle having
diameter as 60mm.
Rolling
D
Circle
6 P6
7 5 P5 P7
S
8 4 P4 R
P8

P3 P9
9 C 0 C 1 C2 C 3 C4 S C5 C 6 C7 C 8 C 9 C10 C11 C12
3 1
P2 R
2 P10
10 P1 P11
11 12 0 1
P0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12P12
Directing Line
2R or D