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The document describes experiments to understand AC induction motors. It discusses: 1. Types of AC machines including synchronous and asynchronous motors. Asynchronous motors make up 95% of motors and operate based on electromagnetic induction with speed decreasing under load. 2. Tests performed on induction motors including no load, DC, and blocked rotor tests to determine parameters like resistance, current, power factor. 3. The circle diagram is used to calculate output, losses, input, slip, and efficiency of induction motors based on test data. It provides a graphical representation of power flows in an induction motor.

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Muhammad Sameer
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70 views

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The document describes experiments to understand AC induction motors. It discusses: 1. Types of AC machines including synchronous and asynchronous motors. Asynchronous motors make up 95% of motors and operate based on electromagnetic induction with speed decreasing under load. 2. Tests performed on induction motors including no load, DC, and blocked rotor tests to determine parameters like resistance, current, power factor. 3. The circle diagram is used to calculate output, losses, input, slip, and efficiency of induction motors based on test data. It provides a graphical representation of power flows in an induction motor.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sameer
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

01

INTRODUCTION TO AC
MACHINES
TYPES OF AC MACHINES
1) SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
 External source is required to initiate the machine.
 Doubly excited machine
 Requires both AC and DC
 once started runs with constant speed.
2) ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
 Self excited machine
 Follow law of electromagnetic induction
 Singly excited
 Speed decreases with increase in load
 95% motors are induction motors
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
What is induction Motor?
SLIP
“The difference between synchronous speed and actual
speed of rotor is called slip”
S= Ns-N
Where
Ns=(120f)/P
f=frequency of supply
P=no. of poles
N=actual speed of rotor
Ns=synchronous speed
AT STAND STILL:
S=Ns-N
S=Ns-0
S=Ns
S=1(Maximum)
AT RUNNING CONDITION:
s= Ns-N
If Ns=N
S=0
Percentage Slip:
% slip= (Ns-N) *100
Ns
Effects: (Factors effected by slip)
a)ROTOR VOLTAGE:
Es = SE2
If s=1
Es=E2 (voltage maximum)
If s=0
Es=0 (voltage is zero)
b) Supply Frequency
f=sfr
If s=1 then fr=f
OBSERVATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS
S. No. Rotor Speed Rotor Speed Ns SLIP %s=
N N (r.p.m) S= Ns-N Ns-N *100
(volts) Ns=(120f)/P,
(r.p.m) Here f=50Hz,P=4 Ns
So Ns= 1500 r.p.m
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
RESULT
EXPERIMENT NO. 02

TO DRAW SLIP-TORQUE
CHARACTERISTICS OF 3-Ø SLIP RING
INDUCTION MOTOR
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TORQUE IN INDUCTION
MOTOR

There are two types of torque in induction motor


Starting torque
Running torque
STARTING TORQUE
“The torque developed by motor at the instant of starting
is called starting torque”
Tst ∝ E2I2cosØ --------- (1)
E2 = rotor emf/phase at stanstill
R2 = Rotor resistance/phase
X2 = rotor reactance/phase
Z2 =√ (R22+X22) = rotor impedance/phase
C

Z2
X2

Ø
A R2 B
I2 = E2/Z2 = E2/ √ (R22+X22)
cosØ = R2/Z2 = R2/ √ (R22+X22)
From equation (1)
Tst = K1 E2I2cosØ
= K1E2 [E2/ √ (R22+X22) ][R2/ √ (R22+X22) ]
Tst = [K1 E22 R2/ (R22+X22) ] --------- (2)
Tst = [K2R2/ (R22+X22) ] ---------- (3)
Let K2= K1 E22
Differentiating equation(2) w.r.t R2
d Tst/dR2 = d/dR2 [K2R2/ (R22+X22) ]
= K2 (R22+X22) (1) - R2 (2 R2+0)
(R22+X22)
Put d Tst/dR2 =0 for maximum torque
0 = K2 (R22+X22-2R22)
-R22+X22 = 0
R 2 2 = X2 2
R2= X2 --------------- (4)
This is the condition for achieving maximum starting
torque.
RUNNING TORQUE

Tr = [K1S2 E22 R2/ (R22+X22) ]


R2= SX2 ----------------- (5)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLIP AND
TORQUE
AT NO LOAD AT NORMAL LOAD AT OVERLOAD
N is high N is low N is low

S is low S is high S is high

fr = sf is low fr = sf increases fr = sf increases

Xr = sX2 is low Xr = sX2 increses but Xr = sX2 increases and


less than R2 greater than R2
R2 is constant R2 is constant R2 is constant

Torque decreases Torque increases Torque decreases

T∝s T∝ s T∝(1/ s)
OBSERVATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS
S. No.Synchronous
Rotor speed speed
Slip = Ns =Force TORQUE
________ rpm
N S=(Ns-N)/Ns F T=F*r
(rpm) (newton) Where
r=0.26
(N-m)
GRAPH
RESULT
EXPERIMENT NO. 03

TO DRAW CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF AC


INDUCTION MOTOR
To draw circle diagram of induction motor there are
three types of tests to be performed.
1. No load test
2. The DC test for stator resistance
3. The locked or blocked rotor test
NO LOAD TEST:

The no load test of an induction motor measures the


rotational losses of the motor provides information
about its magnetization current. The only load on the
motor are the frictional and the windage losses. So all
input power in this test is consumed by mechanical
losses and the slip of the motor in this case is very
small.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
OBSERVATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS
I1= __________
I2= __________
I3= __________
I0=( I1+I2+I3)/3= ________
V1= _________
V2= _________
V3= _________
V0= (V1+V2+V3)/3= ________
W0=no load losses
= wattmeter reading*multiplying constant
= ______________
As
W0 = √3V0I0cosØ0
cosØ0 = W0/(√3V0I0)
Ø0 = cos-1 [W0/(√3V0I0)]
THE DC TEST FOR STATOR
RESISTANCE

In the DC test, a DC voltage is applied to the stator


winding of an induction motor. As current has DC
value there is no induced voltage in the rotor circuit
and no resulting rotor current flow. Also the reactance
of the motor is zero at Dc current, therefore the only
quantity limiting current flow in the motor is the stator
resistance that can be determined.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
OBSERVATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS

Req = V/I
Req = Ra(Ra+Ra)
3Ra
Req = (2Ra2)/3Ra
= (2/3)Ra
Ra = (3/2) Req = ___________
THE LOCKED OR BLOCKED ROTOR
TEST

This test corresponds to the short circuit test on a


transformer. In this test we utilize the variac
transformer to supply the motor. Rotor is locked or
blocked so that it cant move. Resulting values of
voltage current and power are measured.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
OBSERVATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS
I1= __________
I2= __________
I3= __________
ISC=( I1+I2+I3)/3= ________
V1= _________
V2= _________
V3= _________
VSC= (V1+V2+V3)/3= ________
WSC= Total losses= ___________
Wsc= √3VscIsccosØsc
cosØsc = Wsc/(√3VscIsc)
Øsc = cos-1 [Wsc/(√3VscIsc)]
= _____________
Now we convert all values to the normal voltage value as
ISN = Isc*(VN/Vsc)= __________
Where ISN= short circuit current at normal voltage(V N=110volts)
WSN = Wsc* (VN/Vsc) = __________
Stator Cu losses = IN2 * Ra = ___________
Rotor Cu losses = WSN – stator Cu losses = _________
PURPOSE OF CIRCLE
DIAGRAM:

Circle diagram is used to calculate


Motor output
Stator Cu losses
Core losses
Motor input
Slip
Efficiency
IMPORTANT FORMULEA:

1. Motor Input = Output + losses

2. Slip = (rotor Cu losses)/Rotor Input

3. Efficiency = (Output/Input)*100
HOW TO DRAW CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF
INDUCTION MOTOR?

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