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The Ultimate Challenge-Response Test

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Vamsee Krishna
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56 views

The Ultimate Challenge-Response Test

Uploaded by

Vamsee Krishna
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAPTCHA

The Ultimate Challenge-Response Test

Prepared By :
CAPTCHA
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CAPTCHA
Developed at Carnegie Mellon University by

•Luis von Ahn, Carnegie Mellon University


•Manuel Blum, Carnegie Mellon University
•Nicholas J. Hopper, Carnegie Mellon University
•John Langford, IBM
CAPTCHA: The Concept
• “Humans can read distorted text whereas
computers cannot.”

• The most common CAPTCHAs require an user


to type the letters of a distorted image.

For example:
Some more examples…
Why Turing Test ???

• A Turing test is used to test a machine’s


capability to demonstrate intelligence.

• Proposed by Prof. Alan Turing.


Why Turing Test ???

In a simple turing test a human judge


engages in natural language
conversation with two parties: one
human and the other computer.

CATCH: If during the conversation the


judge cannot tell which is which then the
machine is said to pass the test.
CAPTCHA vs. Turing Test

Unlike the turing test in which a human


judge administers the test, in CAPTCHAs
it is the computer which administers the
test.

A CAPTCHA is also known as a reverse


turing test.
CAPTCHA vs. Turing Test

HUMAN JUDGE

TURING MACHINE CAPTCHA


CAPTCHA The first use…
Dates back to 1997 at
AltaVista, a very
popular search
engine firm, to
prevent automated
programs from
adding URLs to its
search engines.
CAPTCHA The Breakthrough...
In 2000, von Ahn and Blum simulated
situations to make images resistant to
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
programs .

CATCH: They went through scanner


manuals to simulate situations that
resulted in a bad OCR.
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CAPTCHA Now and then…

Has found a very wide application area in the


recent years.
The basic applications…
applications

Protecting website registration: Providing free


services to humans and not bots.

Preventing comment spams to enhance search


engine ranks.
CAPTCHA Now and then…

The basic applications…


applications

Making online polls free from bogus votes:


Making them more trustworthy.

Preventing spammers to obtain email ids on


the web.
CAPTCHA Now and then…

The basic applications…


applications

Prevents dictionary attacks in password


systems.

Provides a plausible solution to email spams


and worms.
CAPTCHA making them more
accessible…
TFor deafs,them
o make Audio Captchas
more areImage
effective beingRecognition
developed..
CAPTCHAs are also being developed.
But the problem is:
©Difficult for a small site to acquire a large
dictionary of images which the attacker does not
have access to.
©Most Image Recognition CAPTCHAs ask the user
to make a binary choice. Hence a bot has the
chance of 1 in 65536 (216 ) of getting it right.
A…
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CAPTCHA Opening up new
vistas…

CAPTCHA has finally provided a


solution to the longstanding problem of
digitizing old books .

The RECAPTCHA project helps digitize


huge texts and make the electronic
versions available on the internet.
Project
The earlier process …

The pages of the books are photographically scanned


and to make them searchable on the net are
transformed into text by the OCR.
The transformation is useful because…

Images cannot be stored on small devices.

They are difficult to download.

They cannot be searched.


The problem with OCR text conversion…

e…
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Th
The process…

Each word that cannot be read by the OCR is placed


on an image and is sent as a CAPTCHA to some
website .
The user is provided two CAPTCHAs: one to which the
correct answer is known and the new CAPTCHA.
If the user answers the first one correctly then the
answer to the other one is considered to be correct.
Then the new CAPTCHA is sent to a number other
people to determine, with higher confidence, whether
the original answer was correct.
CAPTCHA A win-win affair…
• CAPTCHA tests are based on open problems
of Artificial Intelligence:
Intelligence decoding images of
distorted texts is well beyond the capability of
modern day computers.

• CAPTCHAs: A Challenge to the AI community,


security researchers and malicious
programmers in particular.
CAPTCHA A win-win affair…

“Either a CAPTCHA is not broken and there is


a way to differentiate between human and
machine or a CAPTCHA is broken and a new
frontier in AI opens up.”
s
CAPTCHA vs. w o rm

QUESTIONS ARE WELCOME !!!

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