Scribd
Upload
323 views

Norms, Values and Sanctions

This document defines values, norms, and sanctions. It begins by defining values as culturally defined standards that determine desirability and goodness. Values exist at different levels of generality and can be either explicit or implicit. Norms are rules that govern appropriate behavior and come in various types including folkways, mores, taboos, and laws. Sanctions are rewards or punishments used to enforce norms and can be formal or informal positives or negatives. The document provides examples and features for each concept.

Uploaded by

Rikiba Bain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
323 views

Norms, Values and Sanctions

This document defines values, norms, and sanctions. It begins by defining values as culturally defined standards that determine desirability and goodness. Values exist at different levels of generality and can be either explicit or implicit. Norms are rules that govern appropriate behavior and come in various types including folkways, mores, taboos, and laws. Sanctions are rewards or punishments used to enforce norms and can be formal or informal positives or negatives. The document provides examples and features for each concept.

Uploaded by

Rikiba Bain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Fundamental

Concepts
Values, Norms and
Sanctions
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 Define values.
 List the types of values.
 Define norms
 Identify the features of norms.
 Describe the types of norms.
 Define sanctions
 List the types of sanctions.
Values
Refers to culturally defined standards by which
people determine desirability, goodness and beauty.

 They determine:
 The things that are important and are worth striving
for.

 They serve as broad guidelines for social living.


Values
 Values produce norms; specify appropriate behaviour

 Values tend to be hierarchically arranged.

 Exist at different levels of generality or abstraction.

 Are either explicit (clearly stated) or implicit


(implied/not clear) in varying degrees.

 Values are often in conflict with each other.


Values
Types of values
 Means values
 Instrumental – sought as apart of the effort to achieve
other values.
 Ends Values
 General and more important to the group.
 Ultimate Values
 Can no longer be justified by other values.
 It is the thing that is most important or desirable.
 Core Values
 They are key values that are given high priority in society.
Norms
Defined as rules that govern appropriate/acceptable
and inappropriate/unacceptable values, beliefs,
attitudes and behaviours.
Norms
Features
 Co-ordinate or direct social interactions.
 They are expectations.
 They are agreed upon.
 They are both formal and informal.
 They maybe explicit or implicit.
 Vary and evolve through time, age group, social
class and social groups.
Norms
Features
 They govern:
 Speech, dress and appearance
 They are accompanied by sanctions, such as:
 Laws, unpopularity, ostracism, unacceptance
 Maintained through body language and non-verbal
communication.
 They are learned through experience and
experimenting.
Norms
Features
 Through them we learn when it is appropriate to:
 Say particular things
 Use particular words
 Discuss particular topics
 Wear particular clothes, etc.
Norms
Types of Norms
Folkways or Customs
 Standards of behaviour that are socially approved
but, are not morally significant.
 There are no formal sanctions or consequences for
violations.
 Includes everyday behaviour, traditions, etc.
Norms
Types of Norms
Mores
 Strict norms that control moral or ethical behaviour.
 They are unwritten but, define right and wrong.
 People feel very strongly about them.
 Violations are met with strong disapproval since it
endangers social stability.
 They are enforced by public sentiment.
 Often become the foundations of laws.
Norms
Types of Norms
Taboos
 Norms that society holds very strongly; violating
them result in extreme disgust.
 Violators are considered as unfit to live society.
 Taboos vary greatly depending on the needs,
conditions and traditions (culture) of the particular
society.
 Taboos govern almost every behaviour.
Norms
Types of Norms
Laws
 Formalized, written norms that specify rules and
carry the threat of punishment.
 They are legally enforced by an official law
enforcement body.
 Violations result in fines, imprisonment and other
forms of punishment.
Sanctions
Defined as rewards or punishments used to enforce
norms.

 They are associated with behaviour, appearance


and speech.
Sanctions
Types of Sanctions
 Positive sanctions
 These encourage behaviour.

 Negative sanctions
 These discourage behaviour.
Sanctions
Types of Sanctions
 Formal sanctions
 Rewards and punishment used to enforce the laws of
organisations, institutions and societies.

 They are carried out by a regulatory body.


 The police
Sanctions
Types of Sanctions
 Informal Sanctions
 Tend to be unwritten and are personal relations
involving folkways and mores.
 Are often based on public opinion.
Conclusion
 Values define the things that are good, desirable,
important, beautiful or ugly.

 Norms define acceptable and unacceptable


behaviour, beliefs, attitudes and values.

 Sanctions are rewards or punishment that reinforce


norms.
References
Chinapoo, C., James, N., & Lee-Paisley, M. (2014).
CAPE Sociology. Harlow: Pearson Education
Limited.
Giddens, A. (1997). Sociology. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers Ltd.
Mohammed, J. (2007). Caribbean Studies for CAPE
Examinations. Oxford: Macmillan Education.
Readings
Chinapoo, C., James, N., & Lee-Paisley, M. (2014).
CAPE Sociology. Harlow: Pearson Education
Limited.
Giddens, A. (1997). Sociology. Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers Ltd.
Mohammed, J. (2007). Caribbean Studies for CAPE
Examinations. Oxford: Macmillan Education.

You might also like