DESKTOP STUDY

M U L A - M U T H A R I V E R F R O N T, P U N E

DESIGN STUDIO SEM-8 I

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I N T R O D U C T I O N A N D L O C AT I O N
Introduction
• Pune is the second-largest city in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and is
an important city in terms of its economic and industrial growth.
• Once the hometown of Marathas and a centre of power for the Maratha Empire,
Pune’s rich and glorious past has made it the cultural capital of Maharashtra.
• Home to many colleges and universities, Pune has made its mark as an education
epicenter, winning itself the title of “The Oxford of the East”.
• Pune has emerged as a new start-up hub in recent years with information
technology (IT), engineering and automotive companies sprouting.
• The city is also known for cultural activities such as classical music, spirituality,
theatre, sports and literature. 
• Marathi is the official and most
spoken language.
• The average literacy rate of Pune
was 86.15% in 2011 compared to
80.45% in 2001.

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
• Pune lies on the western margin of the Deccan plateau, on the leeward side of
the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea.
INFERENCE
• Central Pune lies at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha Rivers. The Mula-
• The Mula, Mutha and Mula- Mutha Rivers
Mutha River formed by the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers in the city
are unhygienic, neglected and
of Pune further meets the Bhima River.
characterized by unplanned development.
• The total length of the three rivers traversing through Pune Municipal
The needs to be rejuvenated.
Corporation is approximately 44km whose widths vary from 80m to 250m.
AIM • In 2018, the Ease of Living Index by the Indian Union Housing
• In order to cope up with these current issues and create a meaningful public and Urban Affairs Ministry ranked Pune as the most liveable
realm along the river, the Pune Municipal Corporation has taken up the city in India.
Riverfront Development Plan for Mula, Mutha and Mula-Mutha Rivers in
entire Pune Municipal Corporation area.

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C L I M AT E A N D D E M O G R A P H I C S
INFERENCE DEMOGRAPHICS
• In spite of availability of • Pune has an estimated population of 3.99 million and the city
INFERENCE perennial river stretches, there is proper has a population density of 5,600 people per square
The driest month is no significant utilization of kilometer.
January, with 1 mm | 0.0 waterways in the district. • It encompasses a total surface area of 331.26 square
inch of rainfall. With an • There is diversity in the kilometres.
average of 340 mm | 13.4 vegetation of the state, due to its • The larger metropolitan area has a population of five million,
inch, the most climatic and topographical making it the seventh-largest metropolitan area by population
precipitation falls in July. variations. Evergreen deciduous in India.
type of forests dominates the • In Pune, 62 percent of the population are under 30, with a
landscape. larger-than-average share of people in the 25 to 34 age group.
• According to the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), 40% of
CLIMATE the population lived in slums in 2001.
• The climate of Maharashtra is of a tropical monsoon type • Since Pune is a major industrial metropolis, it has attracted
with a searing heat in the summer months, and cold winter. migrants from all parts of India. The number of people
• The monsoons have varied influence over different regions, migrating to Pune rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005.
causing heavy rain at some places and mild rainfall in others. • The top five source areas of migrants are Karnataka, Uttar
Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.

SEISMOLOGY INFERENCE
INFERENCE
• Pune is 100 km north of the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam.  The difference in precipitation between
The warmest month of the year is April, with
• The India Meteorological Department has assessed this area as being the driest month and the wettest month
an average temperature of 28.6 °C | 83.5 °F.
in Zone 3, on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to is 339 mm | 13 inch. During the year, the
January has the lowest average temperature
earthquakes. average temperatures vary by 7.0 °C |
of the year. It is 21.7 °C | 71.0 °F.
• Pune has experienced some moderate – and many low – intensity 44.6 °F.
earthquakes in its history.

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GEOGRAPHY

VEGETATION GEOGRAPHY
• The vegetation of the state • Pune is situated at approximately 18° 32"
mainly includes open scrub north latitude and 73° 51" east longitude.
jungles which form the most The city's total area is 15.642 sq. km.
important feature of the Deccan • Pune lies on the western margin of
region. the Deccan plateau, at an altitude of 560 m
• The forests region of (1,840 ft) above sea level. It is on
Maharashtra comprises 17% of the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain
the total area which are present range, which forms a barrier from
in the eastern part of the state the Arabian Sea.
and the Sahyadri range. • It is a hilly city, with Vetal Hill rising to
800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. The
• The old city of
Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300
Pune is at the
metres (4,300 feet).
confluence of • The old city of Pune is at the confluence of
the Mula and
the Mula and Mutha rivers.
Mutha rivers. • The Pavana, a tributary of Mula river
and Indrayani river, a tributary of the Bhima
river, traverse the northwest suburbs of
Pune.

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EVOLUTION OF CITY

Early and Medieval

• The first reference to Pune region is found in two copper plates dated to 758
and 768 AD, issued by Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I.
• In 2003, an accidental discovery of artefacts from the Satvahana period in the
Kasba peth area of the city has put the origin of settled life in the area to
around 200 BC.
• The Khalji dynasty overthrew the Yadavas in 1317. This started three hundred
years of Islamic control of Pune.

Maratha rule
• Pune first came under Maratha control in the early 1600s. However, control shifted
between the Bhonsle family, the Adil Shahi dynasty, and the Mughals, for most of the
century.
• In the early 1700s, Pune and its surrounding areas were granted to the newly appointed
Maratha Peshwa, Balaji Vishwanath.
• It remained with his family until his great-grandson Bajirao II was defeated by the British
East India Company in 1818.
British rule (1818–1947)
• In 1818, Pune and rest of the Peshwa territories
Peshwa rule (1714–1818) came under the control of the British East India
• In 1714, the Maratha ruler Shahu appointed Balaji Vishwanath, a Chitpavan Company. The company rule came to an end
Brahmin, as his Peshwa. when in 1858, under the terms of Proclamation
• Around the same period, Balaji was gifted the area around Pune. issued by Queen Victoria, the Bombay Presidency,
• In 1720, Baji Rao I, was appointed Peshwa, as a successor to his father, by along with Pune and the rest of British India,
Shahu. came under the direct rule of the British crown.
Pune after Independance
• After Indian independence from the British in 1947,
Pune saw enormous growth transforming it into a
modern metropolis.
• The Poona Municipal Council was re-organised to
form the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) in 1950.

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SCOPE AND WORKABILITY
RIVER ADJACENT LAND ACCESSIBILITY
• Variation in river width and slope • Variation in extent of development and • Proposed public transportation like
gradient existing land use in the adjacent land Metro and BRTS routes in close
• Numerous access points (ghats, steps, • Religious activities, recreational activities like proximity to river
ramps) boating, etc. still practiced, thus reflecting • Highways and arterial roads cross the river
Potentials

• Controlled discharge of water into the the association of people with the river. at many locations
rivers by upstream dams • Heritage structures and spaces of cultural • Frequent bridges on Mutha ensuring
• River bed has a rocky terrain significance in adjacent areas good connectivity across the banks
• Existing gardens and well vegetated
areas seen along the river length.
• Pollution- Untreated sewage discharged from
• Developed and vacant plots within • Fewer parallel and perpendicular
nallas, garbage and construction debris inundation area connections to the river
dumping, etc. • Slums located in low lying areas
• Poor condition of ghats, steps, etc. • Across connection lacking in some
• Very few existing gardens along the river parts
• Dry river • Declining water based activities like
• Stagnant water • No facilities for Non Motorized
boating, etc. transport
• Check dams etc. are obstructions to water
flow
Issues

• Encroachment in the river

• Inadequate STP capacity

River Integration Improve

Rejuvenation with city Accessibility

• Clean the River and make it pollution free • Create a continuous public realm along the river • Make the river accessible
• Curb the sewage outfalls • Connect and enhance heritage places and • Improve accessibility and connectivity
• Reduce risk of flooding buildings • Enhance cross connectivity
• Retain and replenish water • Integrate slums

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REDUCE RISK OF FLOODING
Intensely Developed Moderately Developed Sparsely Developed
Since the time of the Peshwas, the city developed Moderately Developed areas can be seen along Sparse development can be seen in the outskirts of
along the Mutha River. Presently, dense fabric can be the Mula and the Mula-Mutha rivers especially the city and defense areas -Kirkee Cantonment and
seen along Mutha due to intensely developed areas near Aundh, Bund Garden and Yerwada. Pimple Nilakh defense area
on either side of the river.

Shaniwar wada

Ammunition Factory
Aundh Gaon

Shaniwar wada

Aundh Gaon
Ammunition Factory

INFERENCE
• In order to contain the river flood, it is essential to develop various types of embankments. Based on the various parameters such as surrounding level of
development and availability of public land, the embankment typologies can be defined. On broader level, there are 3 types of development scenarios in existing
surrounding areas such as Intensely Developed, Moderately Developed and Sparsely Developed Areas.

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REDUCE RISK OF FLOODING

• In case of sparsely developed areas and ample availability of

• In case of intensely developed areas where the private
public land, the river flood protection work can be done
properties are very close to the minimum required width of
through gradually sloping green edges, may be termed as
river and land is hardly available to develop any
Rural Riparian Embankment.
embankment, then straight type of embankment needs to be
Sparsely developed areas constructed ensuring flood protection and public access
along the edge and accommodating underground interceptor
infrastructure trunk lines under the upper level walkways.

Intensely
developed areas

• In case of moderately developed areas, where private

property is in vicinity of the river, the flood protection work
can be done through sloped protective edges with green
cover and pedestrian access at two levels, may be called as
Urban Riparian Embankment
Moderately developed areas

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R E D U C E R I S K O F F L O O D I N G – R E ATA I N A N D R E P L E N I S H WAT E R
CATCHMENT AREA • The catchment of the 3 rivers in Pune being
considered here also includes all upstream water
reservoirs and the tributary Pawana to mula
which drains a catchment area of 501.2 square
kilometers.
• The total catchment area 501.2 sq.km + 738.39
sq.km + 58.82 sq.km = 2095 sq.km

• The proposed reservoirs that is barrages shall store around 57122478 m3 of water in the river.
• Due to rocky bed and not so harsh climate the evaporation and seepage loss during the peak days is not more than 56160
m3/day (56 MLD) which can be replenished from the treated water of STP.
• In order to replenish treated water in the river a replenishing supply line need to be proposed from various STPs in 5
stretches of river marked by the proposed water retention structures.

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CLEANING AND MAKING RIVER IT POLLUTION FREE
INFERENCE
• The existing and
proposed trunk lines
along the river shall
bring the effluent upto
the existing and
Erandwana Nalla on Mutha River Nalla near Mhatre Bridge Mutha River proposed STPs for
treatment.
• Approximately there are
19 existing trunk lines
along the river edge as
shown in the map
above. These trunk lines
Ambil Odha on Mutha River Khilarewadi Nalla on Mutha River can be used to curb the
existing piped outfalls
• Significant number of Nallas like Ambill Odha, Bhairoba Nalla, Nagzari Nalla, Erandwana Nalla, etc. bring untreated sewage into the rivers. bringing significant
• Many of these Nallas are in natural state, some are also channelized. The urban development along the river has taken place in a haphazard pollution into the rivers.
manner and at quite a few locations, nallas are getting encroached by the development resulting into spillover of water during the rainy
season.

Outfall from STP near Kalyani Nagar Bridge- Mula-

Outfall near Kalyani Nagar Bridge- Mula-Mutha River Mutha River

• There are some nallas in which partial existing or proposed trunk lines exist which also need to be
protected from pollution by proposing appropriate trunk line along remaining length of nallas
which is around 112km or length.
• Trunk lines need to be proposed in 21 nallas (marked in red arrow) which is approximately 36 km
of length and 112 km in partially piped nallas.

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I N T E G R AT I O N O F S LU M S
LAND USAGE INTEEGRATING SLUMS

INFERENCE EATERIES
• The majority of river land i.e. 62% public land is under
proposed river width and 26% under proposed types of
flood protection embankments.
• However, the 12% remaining land i.e. 95.4 Ha is
divided into various activities as shown here.

INFERENCE
• There are around 20 slums along the river
which need to be improved to avoid any
drainage outfall polluting river water.
• There are few places along the river where eateries/ • To ensure public access to the project and to
food stalls can be seen in existing situation. organize public open spaces and amenities to
• Number of existing eateries is 13. better integrate with the project.
INFERENCE
• Apart from improving and integrating the existing eateries with the river development project, it is essential to propose
eateries at strategic locations along with facilities required such as water, light, garbage dumping etc. to ensure vibrant
and active public spaces.
• It also results in garbage dumbing inside the river and thus creating obstruction during the floods.

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IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY
ROAD NETWORK
• The district is well connected with the state
capital and surrounding district headquarters
through road and rail linkages.
• The road network consists of Express
Highways, National Highways, State
Highways and Major District Roads.
• The district headquarter has connectivity
through airways for transport and trade to
major airports within the country and to select
international destinations.

Low lying roads which get submerged under

water during flood.

INFERENCE
Low-lying River side road along Mutha River Low-lying Chandrashekhar Govind Aapte Road
• The existing street network is inadequate to
provide efficient access to the Riverfront
Development Project.
• There are many locations where parallel
street along the river does not exist.
Low-lying road getting submerged during monsoon near Omkareshwar Temple
• Similarly existing perpendicular streets are
dead ends and do not reach upto the river.
INFERENCE • Therefore, it is very important to connect the
• To construct the flood protection embankment, existing missing links and add new streets to create a
low-lying streets had to be removed. continuous and cohesive street network
• In order to ensure the connectivity, the alternate facilitating access to the project from all sides
parallel streets shall be strengthened. of the city.

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C O N S E R V E A N D E N H A N C E H E R I TA G E S T R U C T U R E S

Shanivarwada Nanasaheb Peshwa Samadhi

Holkar Bridge on Mula River Shivaji Bridge

• Modifying proposed embankment to integrate

heritage structures.
• Modify or relocate historical structures to ensure
safety from flood and integrate it with
embankment design
• Prepare Special Urban Design Guidelines for
Historic Areas

HERITAGE STRUCTURES

• Peth is a general term in the • There are many structures of historic

Marathi language for a locality in
importance especially along Mutha River
Pune. Seventeen peths are
owing to its proximity to the Old City area.
located in Pune, which today
• These structures have been differentiated in
constitute the old city of Pune.
three categories by Heritage Cell, PMC- Grade
• Most were established during
ASI I, II, III.
Grade-I the Maratha empire era under
Grade-II • Shanivarwada and Pataleshwar Caves fall
Grade-III the Maratha and Peshwa rule of
under ASI. There are in total 25 number of
the city in the 18th century,
heritage structures along the three rivers.
before the arrival of the British.

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C R E AT I N G C O N T I N U O U S P U B L I C R E A L M
PARKING DHOBI GHAT INTEGRATING EXISTING GARDENS

Dhobi Ghat near Vartak Garden- Mutha River Dhobi Ghat near Vartak Garden- Mutha River

Dhobi Ghat near HH Aga Khan Bridge- Mula Mutha River

INFERENCE
• Dhobi Ghat near Vartak Garden is the only organized
dhobi ghat with PMC water supply and washing tank
facility.
Mutha River near Tilak Bridge Mula-Mutha River near Deccan College road
• However, the waste generated from this activity gets
deposited in the river and further pollutes the river.

• As the continuous significant length of

Mutha River near Nana Nani Park
botanical garden / public land is available
INFERENCE along the river it is ideal to connect the
• Currently, there are no significant activities based on the embankment into green.
river which is resulting into parking. • Gradually sloping rural riparian type of
• However, the observed parking inside the river bed is embankment instead of developing straight
due to adjacent developed land without adequate wall type of embankment due to restriction of
parking provision land availability.

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B E F O R E – A F T E R ( C O N C E P T UA L )

• https://en-in.topographic-map.com/maps/g0ux/Pune/
• https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/maharashtra/pune.htm
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune#Public_transport
• http://mpcb.ecmpcb.in/relatedtopics/protected/map7.html
• https://pune.gov.in/about-pune/transport/

Threat of flooding MUSI RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT, HYD 2021

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