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Type I II Error

This document discusses the two types of errors that can occur in hypothesis testing: Type I and Type II errors. A Type I error occurs when a researcher incorrectly rejects the null hypothesis and concludes there is an effect of a treatment when there actually is none. A Type II error is made when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis and misses a real effect of a treatment. Both types of errors can happen due to sampling error and variability in sample data compared to the actual population.

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Moona Malik
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30 views

Type I II Error

This document discusses the two types of errors that can occur in hypothesis testing: Type I and Type II errors. A Type I error occurs when a researcher incorrectly rejects the null hypothesis and concludes there is an effect of a treatment when there actually is none. A Type II error is made when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis and misses a real effect of a treatment. Both types of errors can happen due to sampling error and variability in sample data compared to the actual population.

Uploaded by

Moona Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Type I & II error

Errors in Hypothesis Tests


• Just because the sample mean (following treatment) is different from
the original population mean does not necessarily indicate that the
treatment has caused a change.
• You should recall that there usually is some discrepancy between a
sample mean and the population mean simply as a result of sampling
error.

2
Errors in Hypothesis Tests (cont.)
• Because the hypothesis test relies on sample data, and because
sample data are not completely reliable, there is always the risk that
misleading data will cause the hypothesis test to reach a wrong
conclusion.
• Two types of error are possible.

3
Type I Errors
• A Type I error occurs when the sample data appear to show a
treatment effect when, in fact, there is none.
• In this case the researcher will reject the null hypothesis and
falsely conclude that the treatment has an effect.
• Type I errors are caused by unusual, unrepresentative
samples. Just by chance the researcher selects an extreme
sample with the result that the sample falls in the critical
region even though the treatment has no effect.
• The hypothesis test is structured so that Type I errors are very
unlikely; specifically, the probability of a Type I error is equal
to the alpha level.

4
Type II Errors
• A Type II error occurs when the sample does not
appear to have been affected by the treatment when,
in fact, the treatment does have an effect.
• In this case, the researcher will fail to reject the null
hypothesis and falsely conclude that the treatment
does not have an effect.
• Type II errors are commonly the result of a very small
treatment effect. Although the treatment does have
an effect, it is not large enough to show up in the
research study.

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