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Heat Exchanger Thermal Analysis: Lecture-4

The document discusses heat exchanger thermal analysis and calculating the required area for parallel and counter flow heat exchangers. It provides data on oil and water temperatures and flow rates to calculate the required area to cool oil from 60°C to 30°C using a counter flow heat exchanger. The area is calculated as 112 square meters for a counter flow exchanger, compared to 140 square meters for a parallel flow exchanger transferring the same amount of heat. Correction factors are also discussed for calculating heat transfer in multi-pass exchangers.

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Usama Ibrahim
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36 views

Heat Exchanger Thermal Analysis: Lecture-4

The document discusses heat exchanger thermal analysis and calculating the required area for parallel and counter flow heat exchangers. It provides data on oil and water temperatures and flow rates to calculate the required area to cool oil from 60°C to 30°C using a counter flow heat exchanger. The area is calculated as 112 square meters for a counter flow exchanger, compared to 140 square meters for a parallel flow exchanger transferring the same amount of heat. Correction factors are also discussed for calculating heat transfer in multi-pass exchangers.

Uploaded by

Usama Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heat Exchanger Thermal Analysis

Lecture-4
LMTD-Problem
• Determine the area required in parallel flow heat
exchanger to cool oil from 60°C to 30°C using water
available at 20°C. The outlet temperature of the
water is 26°C. The rate of flow of oil is 10 kg/s. The
specific heat of the oil is 2200 J/kg K. The overall
heat transfer coefficient U = 300 W/m2 K. Compare
the area required for a counter flow exchanger.
LMTD-Problem
DATA:
Thi=60 ᴼC
Tho=30 ᴼC
Tci=20 ᴼC
Tco=26 ᴼC
U=300 W/m2K
m=10
Cp=2200 J/Kg-K

As can be seen a single tube arrangement is impractical.


LMTD-Problem
Counter Flow:
Special Cases of Temperature Variations in HXs

In the first two cases (a) and (b) one of the temperatures remain
constant throughout the heat exchanger.

In the third case (c) both the temperatures remain constant.


Special Cases of Temperature Variations HXs

In this case the heat exchanger has to be treated as a combination of


three heat exchangers. There is another interesting aspect to the
design in that the temperature difference marked ‘pinch’ can be –ve if
the areas and flow rates are not properly designed.
The application of case (b) may be found in boilers of nuclear power
plants and case (a) in refrigerant condensers.
Special Cases of Temperature Variations HXs

In parallel flow the change in temperature will be equal for both fluids
(∆Th = ∆Tc). The slope of the lines will be equal but opposite.

In the case of counter flow the temperature difference is the same at all
locations and LMTD will be of 0/0 form and so we have to use.
LMTD = Thi – Tco = constant all along.
LMTD for Multi-Pass and Counter Flow HXs
• In the case of two pass, cross flow and other
arrangements the LMTD obtained by using single
tube arrangement does not provide the correct
average temperature and a correction factor has to
be applied.
• Two parameters are found to influence the value of
correction factor. These are Capacity Ratio R and
Effectiveness P
LMTD for Multi-Pass and Counter Flow HXs
Charts are available with correction factor F against P with R as
parameter.
As all the four temperatures are specified, P and R can be determined
and the value of correction factor F can be read from the chart. A
schematic chart is shown in Fig.

Corrected Average Temperature and


Heat Flow rate are calculated as
LMTD for Multi-Pass and Counter Flow HXs

Correction factor F for shell-and-tube heat exchangers with one shell pass and any multiple of
two tube passes (2, 4, 6, etc., tube passes).
Problem
• Determine the area required for a shell and tube
heat exchanger with two tube passes to cool oil at
rate of 10 kg/s from 60°C to 30°C flowing in the
shell using water at 20°C passing through the tubes
and heated up to 26°C. The specific heat of the oil is
2200 J/kg K. The value of overall heat transfer
coefficient is 300 W/m2 K.
Problem

Area calculated for same Problem


for Parallel flow heat HX= 140 m2
and
for counter flow HX=112 m2
Questions?

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