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Lesson 3 Parallel Sailing

1. Parallel sailing is a method of spherical sailing where the course is along a parallel of latitude. The departure distance is calculated as the difference in longitude multiplied by the cosine of the latitude. 2. The document provides an example of parallel sailing calculations for a vessel sailing due east from 30°17'N 130°45'E at 13 knots. It calculates the departure distance, difference in longitude, time en route, and arrival position and time in both LMT and GMT. 3. The key formulas and steps are demonstrated, including converting between LMT and GMT using zone times and accounting for direction of travel east or west.

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Noli Christian Sitjar
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799 views

Lesson 3 Parallel Sailing

1. Parallel sailing is a method of spherical sailing where the course is along a parallel of latitude. The departure distance is calculated as the difference in longitude multiplied by the cosine of the latitude. 2. The document provides an example of parallel sailing calculations for a vessel sailing due east from 30°17'N 130°45'E at 13 knots. It calculates the departure distance, difference in longitude, time en route, and arrival position and time in both LMT and GMT. 3. The key formulas and steps are demonstrated, including converting between LMT and GMT using zone times and accounting for direction of travel east or west.

Uploaded by

Noli Christian Sitjar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3

Parallel Sailing
Objectives;
You should be able to;

1. Define Parallel Sailing


2. Understand the diagram use in the parallel sailing
calculations
3. Use the formula in Parallel sailing computations.
4. Calculate Dep., Dlo., and Position of Arrival
5. Calculate Steaming time, Zone time and ETA (LMT &
GMT)
What is Parallel Sailing?
Pn
Spherical sailing in which the
L2 Dlo
course is along a parallel and L1

departure is the product of Dep.


cosine latitude times the
difference of longitude .
Equator
It is the inter-conversion of λ2
λ1
Dlo and dep., when the
vessel proceeding the course
due East or due West.
Where:
Pn – North pole
A – 1st point
Q
B – 2nd point
AC – Lat. 1
BD – Lat. 2
AB – Dep. or distance between
two points.
CD – dep. or distance between two points
along the equator
Formula
Dep (p) = Dlo * Cos lat.
Dlo = Pn

Example 1 L2 Dlo
L1

Dep.

Equator

λ2
λ1
Example 2
On Jan, 15, 2016 @ 1230H LMT a vessel sail due Pn
East from latitude 30º 17’ N ; λ 130º 45’ E
L2 Dlo
steaming a distance of 1,347.57 miles at the speed L1
of 13 knots. Find the following.
1. Zone time in at 1st point Dep.
2. GMT of departure
3. Steaming time between the two points
4. Dlo
5. λ2 Equator
6. Position of Arrival λ2
7. GMT of Arrival λ1
8. Zone time of 2nd point
9. LMT of Arrival
Solution
1. Solve for Zone time in at 1st point

λ1 = 130º 45’ E 15º/hr. Note:


= 08h 43m 00s Longitude E = ZT –
Longitude W= ZT +
ZT λ1 = -09h
Note:
2. Solve for GMT of departure To find LMT to GMT
LMT ETD = Jan, 15, 2016 @ 12h 30m 00s West (+)
ZT λ1 = -09h EAST ( - )
GMT ETD = Jan. 15, 2016 @ 03h 30m 00s
To find GMT to LMT
Reverse the sign.
3. Solve for Steaming time between the two points

Distance
Steaming Time (ST) = 5. Solve to λ2
Speed
λ1 =130º 45’ 00” E
1, 347.57 miles
=
13 miles/hrs.
λ2 =156º 45’ 30” E
= 103.66 hrs.
= 4 days 07h 39m 36s
Note:
4. Solve for Dlo
Finding λ2
Dlo = Dep. (p) Same name (+)
Cos latitude
Diff Name ( - )
= 1,347.57 E 1,347.57 miles E
Cos 30º 17’ N 0.86354
= 1,560.5 miles E /60
Dlo = 026º 00’ 30” E
6. Position of Arrival
8. Solve for Zone time of the 2nd point
L2 =30º 17’ N
λ2 = 156º 45’ 30” E 15º/hr.
λ2 =156º 45’ 30” E
= 10h 27m 02s
7. Solve for GMT of Arrival ZT λ2 = - 10hrs.

GMT ETD = Jan. 15, 2016 @ 03h 30m 00s


+ Steaming time = 04 days 07h 39m 36s
GMT of ETA = Jan. 19, 2016 @ 11h 09m 36s

9. Solve for LMT of Arrival


GMT of ETA = Jan. 19, 2016 @ 11h 09m 36s
Zone time in λ2 = (-) +10h
LMT ETA = Jan. 19, 2016 @ 21h 09m 36s

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