Scribd
Upload
32 views

Critical Discourse Analysis: Scrutinizing Ideologically-Driven Discourses

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) scrutinizes ideologically-driven discourses. CDA aims to uncover the relationship between language, society, power, ideology, values and opinions. There are several frameworks for CDA analysis, including Fairclough's three dimensional framework analyzing linguistic, discursive, and social/cultural aspects, and van Dijk's framework analyzing categories like actor description, authority, and presupposition to show how ideologies are expressed. CDA has pedagogical implications like developing sensitivity to implicit meanings and raising awareness of socio-political influences on text production.

Uploaded by

Ammara Farhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Critical Discourse Analysis: Scrutinizing Ideologically-Driven Discourses

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) scrutinizes ideologically-driven discourses. CDA aims to uncover the relationship between language, society, power, ideology, values and opinions. There are several frameworks for CDA analysis, including Fairclough's three dimensional framework analyzing linguistic, discursive, and social/cultural aspects, and van Dijk's framework analyzing categories like actor description, authority, and presupposition to show how ideologies are expressed. CDA has pedagogical implications like developing sensitivity to implicit meanings and raising awareness of socio-political influences on text production.

Uploaded by

Ammara Farhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Critical Discourse Analysis: Scrutinizing Ideologically-Driven

Discourses

Presented By: Iram Gul


Presented To: Dr M Saboor
Outline
• Introduction
• Discourse and DA
• CDA
• CDA Frameworks
• Pedagogical implications of CDA
Critical Debate
• What is Discourse?
• What is DA?
Discourse and DA

• Discourse is a form of language use, and Discourse Analysis (DA) is the analytical framework which was created
for studying actual text and talk in the communicative context.
• Fitch (2005) believes that the early DA focused on the internal structure of texts. With the emergence of Systemic-
Functional Linguistics (Hallliday, 1978), the DA has started to affect such disciplines as sociolinguistics with an
internal focus on the ways through which personal and social processes are encoded in the text
• The modern DA is an interdisciplinary approach, operating at two macro and micro levels, incorporating both
linguistic and social analysis.
Critical Debate
• What is connection between DA & CDA?
• Is CDA a branch of DA? Or extension of DA?
• What actually is CDA?
Critical Discourse Analysis
• A CDA study aims at providing a thorough description, explanation and critique of the textual strategies writers use to
“naturalize” discourses.
• CDA provide some approaches to research with the primary aim of uncovering the relationship between language, society,
power, ideology, values and opinions.
• The most significant research within CDA has been performed by van Dijk, who combines cognitive psychology and CDA
to uncover how ideological structures are hidden in peoples memory and Wodak (1989) analyzes gender discrimination and
how political groups/nations define their territory by means of language. Furthermore, Norman Fairclough focuses on social
conflict and its linguistic manifestations in discourses of dominance, difference and resistance
Perceptions
• Which frameworks of CDA in your view is the best one?
CDA Framework by Fairclough

• Fairclough provides a three dimensional framework for the analysis of text and discourse:
• 1) the linguistic description of the formal properties
of the text;
• 2) the interpretation of the relationship between the discursive processes/interaction and the text,
where text is the end product of a process of text production and as a resource in the process of text
interpretation
• 3) the explanation of the relationship between discourse and social and cultural reality.
CDA Framework by Van Dijk

Van Dijk’s (1997) framework has provided some illustrations of the categories that he believes to be
important in doing CDA studies. He asserts that the main point of the analysis is to show how various
ideologies are expressed in various kinds of structures.
Actor description (meaning):
Our ideologies will determine the way actors are described in discourse.
Accordingly, if we divide them into ingroup and outgroup members, we will describe the former
members in a neutral or positive way, and the latter members in a negative way.
Authority (argumentation): People of different ideologies cite different authorities.
Categorization (meaning): Generally, people tend to categorize people based on their social
affiliation, race, ethnicity, etc.
CDA Framework by Van Dijk
Hyperbole (rhetoric)
By using especial metaphors, especially in the strategy of positive self-presentation and negative
other-presentation, we may expect that good or bad actions or properties of the self or other be
expressed in hyperbolic terms.
Presupposition (meaning)
Presuppositions are mostly used to presuppose the truth when they are not
established
CDA Framework by Van Dijk
•
Euphemism (rhetorical,
meaning): Euphemistic devices Disclaimers (meaning):
are used to beautify the social Disclaimers are the
facts that may be ideological base of positive
offensive to the members of a self-presentation and negative
community (e.g. sex, other-presentation strategy.
supernaturals, death)
Pedagogical implications of CDA

• CDA aims at developing an insight into the discursive structures of various texts and genres along with their socio-
political effects
• Critical analysis of the texts attempts to create a sensitivity and consciousness about the
implicitly left, invisible section, misinformation, manipulation, and misinterpretation practiced by some writers and
speakers.
• Another implication of CDA studies is a call for the readers to be aware and conscious of different
aspects a text production such as the writer's socio-political background, the historical setting, and the cultural
tendencies.
THANK YOU

You might also like