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Topic6 6.0 Workplace Environment and Ergonomics

1) Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with designing equipment and tasks to optimize human well-being and system performance. It aims to improve productivity and reduce injury risks in the workplace. 2) Common causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include repetitive motions, forceful exertions, vibrations, awkward postures like bending and twisting, and improper lifting techniques. 3) Applying ergonomic principles to workstation and tool design can help reduce MSD risks by ensuring tasks are compatible with human abilities and limitations. This includes adjusting work heights, allowing for posture changes, and minimizing awkward postures and repetitive motions.

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120 views30 pages

Topic6 6.0 Workplace Environment and Ergonomics

1) Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with designing equipment and tasks to optimize human well-being and system performance. It aims to improve productivity and reduce injury risks in the workplace. 2) Common causes of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include repetitive motions, forceful exertions, vibrations, awkward postures like bending and twisting, and improper lifting techniques. 3) Applying ergonomic principles to workstation and tool design can help reduce MSD risks by ensuring tasks are compatible with human abilities and limitations. This includes adjusting work heights, allowing for posture changes, and minimizing awkward postures and repetitive motions.

Uploaded by

Md Khairul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORKPLACE

ENVIRONMENT AND
ERGONOMICS
by: TUAN RAKIZA BINTI TUAN MAHMUD
History of Ergonomics
 Frederick W. Taylor
 Regarded as the Father of Modern Management

 Issue on the methods that can be done more efficient by workers

 More concentrate to issue of work productivity

 Frank dan Lillian Gilbreth


 Create therbligs system to analyze human movements during
work performed
 Divided to two parts; efficient movement and inefficient
movement
 Ralph M. Barnes
 Continue Gilbreth studies with a economic movement
philosophy to improve productivity and reduce over exertion
Name of ergonomic

ERGON + NOMOS = ERGONOMIC


(works or efforts) (rules)

 Greek word
 Begin use by Woiciech Jastrzebowski in 1857
 the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of
interactions among humans and other elements of a system,
to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall
system performance
3rd Objective of OSHA

“to promote an occupational


environment for persons at work
which is adapted to their
physiological and psychological
needs;”
Objective of Ergonomics
 To improve effectiveness and efficiency of work
such as reduce mistake, improve productivity and
facilitate the work
 To improve the positive value of humanity such
as improve safety, reduce fatigue and stress,
improve comfort ability, quality of work and life
Positive value via ergonomic approach

For employers For employees

S&H, Comfort and satisfied Performance – quality, productivity


and flexibility

Reduce cases of work absenteeism and quit rates


, open mind for transformation

Employees welfare Employer welfare


Statistic from Perkeso 1996-2000

Position of Injury 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Back 3025 1954 2563 2510 2527


Shoulder 2480 1979 2779 2440 2625
Arms 521 433 513 551 457
Elbows 952 655 708 630 660
Forearms 1618 1135 1082 778 867

Wrist 1635 1163 1122 1068 1130


Hands 11329 14229 10504 10975 11378

Hand fingers 24323 25316 20059 22969 23264

Total 45883 46857 39330 41921 42908


Total reported cases 106508 86589 85338 92074 95006
Percentage (%) 43.08 54.11 46.08 45.53 45.16
Worker Adjustment to Work / Work
Adjustment to Worker Approach
8

optimal?

compatible

Human Work done Work done


Human action work
characteristics by human by machine

Redesign,
Choose & rearrangement,
Incompatible
Train continuous
improvement
Working Design Principle
 In work design or modification, we need to answer the questions ?
1. Does the person fit (body size) in a work place ?
2. If one worker fits in a workplace, do all workers fit in a
workplace ?
3. If all workers fit in a work place, are some individuals more
likely to experience fatigue, injury or diminished work
performance due to poor fit into a workplace ?
4. Does the design of the equipment have any adverse effects
on the worker's safety and productivity ?
Illustrate Sitting Work Position
Sitting Work Characteristics
① Careful hand movement
② Requires high stability
③ Using the accurate and sensitive feet remote control
when parts and equipment located in sitting room
④ Handling heavy loads
⑤ Fixed posture for a prolonged period
Illustrate Standing Work Position

40’ – 43’
37’ – 39’ 36’ – 39’ ; Men
33’ – 35’; Women
Standing Work Characteristics
① Frequently heavy loads handling
② Requires more energy for frequent movement and ladle
out
③ Mobility to move around the work table
④ Frequent thrust (need more energy)
Sitting & Standing Work Characteristics

① Provide high chair because workers always change


posture (sit and stand)
② Easy to move chair
③ Provide footrest to reduce muscle aches and fatigue
Normal & Maximum Ladle out

Maximum

Normal
Posture vs Pressure of the Spine
Work Posture Preferences for the Selected Works

Work Posture Choice


Types of work
First choice Second choice
Lifting over 5kg Standing Standing/sitting

Work below elbow level Standing Standing/sitting

Horizontal ladle out Standing Standing/sitting


(requires body support)
Manipulation and precise Sitting Sitting/standing
work
Inspection and Sitting Sitting/standing
monitoring by eyes
Movement (frequently) Sitting/standing standing
Musculo-Sketel-Disorders (MSDs)
 The disorder occurs when the body part is called on to work
harder, stretch farther, impact more directly or otherwise
function at a greater level then it is prepared for.
 MSDs can affect the body's muscles, joints, tendons,
ligaments and nerves. Typically, MSDs affect the back, neck,
shoulders and upper limbs; less often they affect the lower
limbs
 The immediate impact may be minute, but when it occurs
repeatedly the constant trauma cause damage
Common causes of MSDs
Common causes of MSDs
Common causes of MSDs
Common causes of MSDs

Bending forward
Reaching behind
Reaching above the body
shoulder level
Common causes of MSDs

Rotating the arm


Packing bottle
(repetitive)
Bending the
wrist
Example of MSDs Injuries

Foot pain

Ankle sprain

Elbow
Example of MSDs Injuries

Shoulder separation Arthritis of the knee

ACL
Example of MSDs Injuries

Rotator cuff muscle Tennis elbow


Example of MSDs Injuries

Shoulder
Golfer’s elbow
Disability
level

Disability

Pain, injury
Impairment

Visible symptom
level

 
swollen
(degrade performance)

Rheumatism, little pain


Danger level

Discomfort, tired
(normal)

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