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Essay Writing & Its Types: Week 5, Chapter 5

The document provides information on different types of expository essays, including argumentative, cause and effect, and problem-solution essays. It discusses the purpose and structure of each type. For argumentative essays, it notes they try to convince the reader of a viewpoint by presenting arguments for both sides of an issue. Cause and effect essays examine how phenomena are related in terms of origins and results. Problem-solution essays consider problems of a situation and give solutions. The document provides examples and guidelines for writing introductions, bodies, conclusions, and thesis statements for each type.

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129 views

Essay Writing & Its Types: Week 5, Chapter 5

The document provides information on different types of expository essays, including argumentative, cause and effect, and problem-solution essays. It discusses the purpose and structure of each type. For argumentative essays, it notes they try to convince the reader of a viewpoint by presenting arguments for both sides of an issue. Cause and effect essays examine how phenomena are related in terms of origins and results. Problem-solution essays consider problems of a situation and give solutions. The document provides examples and guidelines for writing introductions, bodies, conclusions, and thesis statements for each type.

Uploaded by

Sana Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Essay Writing & Its Types

Week 5, Chapter 5
Argumentative Essay
Writing
What is the point of arguing?

You want to get your point across!


You want others to believe in what you have to say.
An argumentative essay does the same thing – it tries
to convince readers of your point of view.
What is an Argumentative
Essay?
 An argumentative essay is a type of essay that
presents arguments about both sides of an issue.
 It could be that both sides are presented equally
balanced, or it could be that one side is presented
more forcefully than the other.
 It all depends on the writer, and what side he
supports the most.
What’s the point of an argumentative
essay?
 In argumentative writing, a writer takes a position
for or against an issue
 He/she writes to convince the reader to believe or
do something.
 Argumentative essays are written to get the reader
to accept a point of view.
 In order to convince the reader, you need more
than an opinion; you need facts or examples to
back up your opinion.
Introduction

Ideas for the introductory paragraph opening:

 Opening with a shocking statement:


 “Cigarettes are the number one cause of lung
cancer in Canada!”

 Opening with a quotation:


 “Elbert Hubbard once said, “Truth is stronger
than fiction.”
Introduction

 Ideas for the introductory paragraph opening:

 Opening with a rhetoric:


 “Have you ever considered how many books
we’d read if it were not for television?”

 Opening with a statistical finding:


 65% of road accidents are caused by drink
driving.”
The general structure of an argumentative essay
follows this format:

 Introduction:
 Attention Grabber / hook, Background
Information, Thesis Statement
 Body:
 Three body paragraphs (three major arguments)
 Conclusion:
 Restatement of opinion
Example

 co-education should be  Co-education should not


allowed be allowed

 -equality  social issues

 -economical: many  religious values of


people can study at one avoiding intermingling
place of both genders
Example of a Thesis Statement

 Although many believe that co-education gives an


equal chance to everyone to learn, but some people
find it contradicting to our social and religious
values.
Example of an Introduction:

Of all the problems facing the environment today, the


one that bothers me the most is global warming. Some
scientists say that the earth is getting warmer because of
the greenhouse effect. In this paper I will describe the
greenhouse effect and whether the earth’s atmosphere is
actually getting warmer.
Body

 You must then provide arguments to support your


opinion. Each paragraph is based on a solid reason
to back your opinion.

 A good argumentative writer tries to anticipate


opposing viewpoints.

 One of the paragraphs in the body should be used


to discuss opposing viewpoints and your counter-
argument.
Body

 Use examples, real-life experiences, statistics or


research.

 Give a scenario, especially when you want the


reader to see a different point of view.
 Use cues for the reader, for example; suppose if,
what if, imagine.
Conclusion

 A piece of argumentative writing usually ends by


summarizing the most important details of the
argument and stating once again what the reader is
to for or against.
Conclusion

Restate your opinion


Summarize the main points of your argument.
Write a personal comment of call for action.
With a Question:
 Closing with a question lets your readers make
their own predictions, draw their own conclusions.
With Recommendations:
 Stress or recommend the action you want the
readers to take.
Expository Essay Writing:

Cause and Effect


Cause and Effect Essay

 A cause is something that produces an event or


condition.

 An effect is what results from an event or condition.

 The purpose of the cause-and-effect essay is to


determine how various phenomena relate in terms
of origins and results.
Developing a Thesis

 Use the complex nature of cause and effect to your


advantage.
 Claim one of a number of causes or effects to be the
primary, or main, cause or effect.
 As soon as you claim that one cause or one effect is
more crucial than the others, you have developed a
thesis.
Structure of the Cause and
Effect Essay
 The cause-and-effect essay can be organized in one
of the following two primary ways:

 Start with the cause and then talk about the effects.
 Start with the effect and then talk about the causes.
Phrases of Causation

as a result consequently

because due to

hence since

thus therefore
Writing a Cause and Effect
Essay
 Choose an interesting cause-and-effect relationship.
 Introduce your topic in an engaging way.
 End your introduction with a thesis that states the
main cause, the main effect, or both.
 Organize your essay by starting with either the
cause-then-effect structure or the effect-then-cause
structure.
Writing a Cause and Effect Essay

 Within each section, you should clearly explain and


support the causes and effects using a full range of
evidence.
 Sequence in terms of order of importance.
 Order the causes from least to most important (or vice versa)
 Order the effects from least important to most important (or vice
versa).
 Use the phrases of causation to connect various events
or conditions.
 End your essay with a conclusion that summarizes
your main points and reinforces your thesis.
Refer to the sample given in the
course pack.
Expository Essay Writing:

Problem & Solution


What are problem-solution
essays?
 Problem-solution essays consider
 the problems of a particular situation
 give solutions to those problems.
 They are in some ways similar to cause and effect
essays, especially in terms of structure.
 Problem-solution essays have the following four
components:
 Situation
 Problem
 Solution
 Evaluation
Structure

 There are two main ways to structure a problem-


solution essay.
 Block Structure
 Chain Structure
 These are similar to the ways to structure cause and
effect essays.
Block Structure
For the block structure, all of
the problems are listed first,  Introduction (including 'situation')
and all of the solutions are  Problem 1
listed afterwards.
 Problem 2 ...
 Transition sentence/paragraph
 Solution 1
 Solution 2 ...
 Conclusion (including 'evaluation')
Chain Structure
For the chain structure,  Introduction (including
each problem is followed 'situation')
immediately by the  Problem 1 & Solution to
solution to that problem. Problem 1
 Problem 2 & Solution to
Problem 2
 Problem 3 & Solution to
Problem 3...
 Conclusion (including
'evaluation')
Refer to the sample given in the course
pack
Resources

 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-englishcomp1v2/chapter/writ
ing-for-success-cause-and-effect/
 http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/students/types%20of%20essays/ARGU
MENTATIVE%20ESSAY.pdf
 https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/essays/problemsolution/
Thank you

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