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ANOVA) Can Be Thought of As An Extension of A T-Test For

The one-way ANOVA test compares the means of two or more independent groups on a dependent variable. It tests the null hypothesis that all group means are equal versus the alternative hypothesis that at least two group means are significantly different. The one-way ANOVA calculates an F-ratio test statistic to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means, with a higher F-ratio above the critical value leading to a rejection of the null hypothesis. Post-hoc tests may then be used to determine specifically which group means are significantly different from each other.

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228 views

ANOVA) Can Be Thought of As An Extension of A T-Test For

The one-way ANOVA test compares the means of two or more independent groups on a dependent variable. It tests the null hypothesis that all group means are equal versus the alternative hypothesis that at least two group means are significantly different. The one-way ANOVA calculates an F-ratio test statistic to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means, with a higher F-ratio above the critical value leading to a rejection of the null hypothesis. Post-hoc tests may then be used to determine specifically which group means are significantly different from each other.

Uploaded by

Richie Blasabas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 19

What is this test (one-way

ANOVA)for?
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to compare
the means of two or more independent samples and to
test whether the differences between the means are
statistically significant.

The one-way analysis of Variance (one-way


ANOVA) can be thought of as an extension of a t-test for
independent samples. It is used when there are two or
more independent groups.
One-Way ANOVA
Note:
 The independent variable is the categorical
variable that defines the groups that are
compared. e.g., instructional methods, grade
level, or marital status.
 The dependent variable is measured variable
whose means are being compared e.g., level
of job satisfaction, or test anxiety.
What does this test do?
• The one-way ANOVA compares the means between the
groups you are interested in and determines whether any of
those means are significantly different from each other.
Specifically, it tests the null hypothesis:

• where μ = group mean and k = number of groups. If,


however, the one-way ANOVA returns a significant result, we
accept the alternative hypothesis (HA), which is that there are
at least 2 group means that are significantly different from
each other.
One-way ANOVA uses
Example,
a one-way ANOVA is used to understand whether exam
performance differed based on test anxiety levels amongst
students, dividing students into three independent groups
(e.g., low, medium and high-stressed students).
It only tells you that at least two groups were different.
Since you may have three, four, five or more groups in your
study design, determining which of these groups differ
from each other is important. You can do this using a post-hoc
test.
Formula to be used:
•  

•
 7 Steps
1. Define Null and Alternative Hypothesis
2. State Alpha
3. Calculate Degrees of Freedom
4. State Decision Rule
5. Calculate Test Statistic (F)
6. State Results
7. State Conclusions
Example
Researchers want to test a new anti-anxiety medication.
They split participants into three conditions (0mg, 50mg,
and 100mg), then ask them to rate their anxiety level on a
scale of 1-10. Are there any differences between the three
conditions using alpha=0.05?
0mg 50mg 100mg
9 7 4
8 6 3
7 6 2
8 7 3
8 8 4
9 7 3
8 6 2
Solution
Researchers want to test a new anti-anxiety medication. They split
participants into three conditions (0mg, 50mg, and 100mg), then ask
them to rate their anxiety level on a scale of 1-10. Are there any
differences between the three conditions using alpha=0.05?

 1. : There is no significant difference of anxiety


level among the three conditions

  There is a significant difference of anxiety


Level among the three conditions

 
2. Level of significance:
Solution:
3. Test statistic: One way ANOVA
4. Decision Rule:
To locate the critical
value, use the level
of significance and
the df (between) and
df (within)

If Fc > 3.5546, then reject Ho


5. Computation
0mg x2 50mg x2 100mg x2
9 81 7 49 4 16
8 64 6 36 3 9
7 49 6 36 2 4
8 64 7 49 3 9
8 64 8 64 4 16
9 81 7 49 3 9
8 64 6 36 2 4
57 467 47 319 21 67
One-Way ANOVA
5. Calculate Test Statistic (F)
ANOVA table

Source
of SS df MS F
Variation
Between
Within
TOTAL
One-Way ANOVA
5. Calculate Test Statistic
 
𝜮 (𝜮 𝑿 )𝟐 𝑻 𝟐
𝑺𝑺𝑩= −
𝒏 𝑵
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
 
𝟓𝟕 +𝟒 𝟕 + 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝑺𝑺𝑩= − =𝟗𝟖 .𝟔𝟕
𝟕 𝟐𝟏
One-Way ANOVA
5. Calculate Test Statistic
𝟐
 
Σ(Σ 𝑿)
𝟐
𝑺𝑺𝑾 =∑ 𝑿 −
𝒏
 
= 10.29
One-Way ANOVA
5. Calculate Test Statistic

 
𝑺𝑺𝑻 =𝟗𝟖 . 𝟔𝟕+𝟏𝟎 .𝟐𝟗=𝟏𝟎𝟖 . 𝟗𝟔
5. Calculate Test Statistic
SS df MS F
Between 98.67 2 49.34 86.56
Within 10.29 18 0.57
TOTAL 108.95 20

   

   
One-Way ANOVA
6. Decision:
Reject the null hypothesis since the
computed F is greater than 3.5546

7. State Conclusions
The three conditions differed significantly
on anxiety level, F(2, 18) = 86.56, p < 0.05.
Try this…
The researcher administered her 50-item research
made test on abstract reasoning to fourth year
students of three comparable high schools. Their
scores are shown below. Is there significant
difference in the mean scores of these students along
abstract reasoning?
1 2 3
15 27 37
25 18 40
30 35 27
27 45 50
45 38 43
40 32 26
Exit slip…
Based on what you
have learned from
our discussion today
and the last
meeting, write down
the significance of
having a knowledge
on the following:

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