Scribd
Upload
46 views

Conservation of Energy - Bernoulli's Equation

Here are the steps to solve this problem using Bernoulli's equation: 1. Given: Section 1 diameter (D1) = 25 mm Pressure at section 1 (p1) = 345 kPa Velocity at section 1 (v1) = 3.0 m/s Section 2 is 2.0 m above section 1 Section 2 diameter (D2) = 50 mm 2. Use Bernoulli's equation between the two sections: p1/γ + 1/2ρv12 + ρgh1 = p2/γ + 1/2ρv22 + ρgh2 Where: ρ is the density of water (1000 kg/m3) γ is

Uploaded by

taha zafar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

Conservation of Energy - Bernoulli's Equation

Here are the steps to solve this problem using Bernoulli's equation: 1. Given: Section 1 diameter (D1) = 25 mm Pressure at section 1 (p1) = 345 kPa Velocity at section 1 (v1) = 3.0 m/s Section 2 is 2.0 m above section 1 Section 2 diameter (D2) = 50 mm 2. Use Bernoulli's equation between the two sections: p1/γ + 1/2ρv12 + ρgh1 = p2/γ + 1/2ρv22 + ρgh2 Where: ρ is the density of water (1000 kg/m3) γ is

Uploaded by

taha zafar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Conservation of Energy –

Bernoulli’s Equation
Law of conservation of energy – energy can be neither
created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from
one form into another.
There are 3 forms of energy when analyzing a pipe
flow Problem

• Potential energy
• Kinetic energy
• Flow energy
Definitions of P.E , K.E & F.E
• Consider an element of fluid inside a pipe. It is
located at a certain elevation z, has a velocity
v, and pressure p. The element of fluid
possesses the following forms of energy:
Potential energy - due to its elevation (𝑤=weight, 𝑧=elevation):

PE  wz
Kinetic energy – due to its velocity
2
KE  wv
2g

Flow energy – sometimes called pressure energy or flow work which represents the
amount of work necessary to move the element of fluid across a certain section against
the pressure, p.
FE  wp

The total amount of energy possessed by the element of fluid
𝐸 = 𝐹𝐸 + 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸

E  wp
2
 wz  wv (N.m)
 2g

Consider the fluid element moves from section 1 to section 2


The values for p, z and v are different at the two sections.
wp1 wv12
E1   wz1 
 2g
wp2 wv2 2
E2 
  wz2  2g

If no energy is added to the fluid or lost between section 1 and 2, then the principle of
conservation of energy :

E1=E2
wp1 wv12 wp2 wv2 2
 wz1    wz2 
 2g  2g
2 2
p1 v p2 v2
 z1  1   z2 
 2g  2g

Interpretation of Bernoulli’s Equation


Each term in Bernoulli’s equation is one form of energy possessed by the fluid per
unit weight of fluid flow in the system:
• The units for each term are “energy per unit weight”, as (N.m/N)
• The resulting units is simply the meter (m), it can be interpreted to be a height.
• In fluid flow analysis, the term typically expressed as “Head”
p
• Pressure Head is

• Elevation Head is z
v2
• Velocity Head is
2g
Restrictions on Bernoulli’s Equation
• It is valid only for incompressible fluids because the specific weight
of the fluid is assumed to be the same at the two sections of interest.
• There can be no mechanical devices between the two sections of
interest that would add energy to or remove energy from the system,
because the equation states that the total energy in the fluid is
constant.
• There can be no heat transferred into or out of the fluid
• There can be no energy lost due to friction
• In reality no system satisfies all the restrictions.
• However, there are many systems for which only a negligible error
will result when Bernoulli’s equation is used
• The use of this equation allows a rapid calculation if only rough
estimation is required.
Summary
In summary, Bernoulli’s equation accounts for the changes in
elevation head, pressure head and velocity head between two points
in a fluid flow system. It is assumed that there are no energy losses
or additions between the two points so the total head remains
constant.
Water at 10oC is flowing from section 1 to section 2. At section 1, which is 25mm in diameter,
the gage pressure is 345kPa and the velocity of flow is 3.0m/s. Section 2, which is 50mm in
diameter, is 2.0m above section 1. assuming there are no energy losses in the system, calculate
the pressure p2.

You might also like