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I Declansion

The document provides an introduction to Latin language including nouns, cases, declensions, verbs, adjectives and examples of paradigms. It discusses the three genders of nouns, the six cases and their functions, the first declension ending in -a, conjugations of the verb "to be", feminine adjectives ending in -a, and examples translated to Latin and put into plural forms. Paradigm charts are provided showing case endings for sample nouns and adjectives.

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55 views

I Declansion

The document provides an introduction to Latin language including nouns, cases, declensions, verbs, adjectives and examples of paradigms. It discusses the three genders of nouns, the six cases and their functions, the first declension ending in -a, conjugations of the verb "to be", feminine adjectives ending in -a, and examples translated to Latin and put into plural forms. Paradigm charts are provided showing case endings for sample nouns and adjectives.

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im251195
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LATIN LANGUAGE

INTRODUCTION
LATIN LANGUAGE:
• NOUNS:
Nouns can have three genders:
- Masculine gender (m): discipulus, puer, miles
- Feminine gender (f): discipula, puella, ancilla
- Neutre gender (n): bellum, corpus, cornu
Although the objects (inanimated things) have their
own gender:
Digitus m, pulmo n, liber m, via f, turba f, templum n,
genu n etc.
CASES:
•There are six cases in latin language with different functions in a sentence:
-Nominative, the main form, subject in the sentence. (A man is tall-Homo est
altus)
-Genitive, expressesPossession e.g. The dog of a man or man's dog (canis
hominis)
•Origin e.g. Marcus of Rome (Marcus Romae) - Roma
•Quantity/part of sth e.g. A cup of water- Poculum aquae aqua
•Quality e.g. Day of wrath (diēs irae) ira
-Dative, expresses
•The dative case, also known as the indirect object case indicates:
•For whom, e.g., I bought this flower for that man. Hunc florem homini emi.
•To whom, e.g., I gave this flower to that man. Hunc florem homini dedi.
-
- Accusative, expresses
direct object. I see a man. Hominem video.
indicate duration of time. E.g., multos annos, "for many
years"; ducentos annos, "for 200 years."
to indicate direction towards which. E.g. domum eo,
"homewards"; Romam eo, “I go to Rome" with no
preposition needed.
- Vocative, is used to talk to somebody, there is always a
coma: Man, talk to me - Homo, narra mecum- it is
usually the same as nominitave
• Ablative expresses
• Ablative of place from which, describes active motion away from a
place. Nouns, either proper or common, are almost always used in
this sense with accompanying prepositions of ab/ā/abs, "from";
ex/ē, "out of"; or dē, "down from". E.g. ex agrīs, "from the fields";
ex Graeciā ad Italiam navigāvērunt, "They sailed from Greece to
Italy.“
• Ablative of place in which. I am in Italy. In Italia sum.
• Ablative of instrument or of means marks the means by which an
action was carried out. E.g. oculīs vidēre, "to see with the eyes".
• Ablative of manner describes the manner in which an action was
carried out. The preposition cum (meaning "with"cum cūrā, "with
care“)
THE FIRST DECLANSION:
The first declansion nouns and adjectives all
end in A, and genitive is always in AE, the
gender is mostly F.
Discipulla, ae f; Puella, ae f; schola, ae f; cena, ae
f; culina, ae f;
Magna, alta, clara, parva
PARADIGMS
CASE SINGULAR PLURAL
NOMINATIVE A PUELLA, cena, ancilla, AE PUELLAE
magna culina
GENITIVE AE PUELLAE, ARUM PUELLARUM
DATIVE AE PUELLAE IS PUELLIS
ACCUSATIVE AM PUELLAM AS PUELLAS
VOCATIVE A PUELLA AE PUELLAE
ABLATIVE A PUELLA IS PUELLIS
THE VERB TO BE
• Sum Sumus
• Es Estis
• Est Sunt
Puella sum.
Discipula es.
Ancilla est.
Puellae sumus.
Discipulae estis.
Ancillae sunt.
TRANSLATE AND PUT IN THE PLURAL:

• I am a lady. (matrona)
• You are a teacher. (magistra).
• She is a student. (discipula).
• The school is big. (schola, magna)
• The street is small.(via, parva)
• The dove is nice. (columba, pulchra).
Feminine adjectives end in A as well

• Via lata-Large street


• Columba parva-Little dove
• Rosa alba-White rose
• Regina mala - Bad queen
• Puella pulchra – Beautiful girl
• Schola magna-Big school
Paradigms
• Via lata Viae latae
• Viae latae Viarum latarum
• Viae latae Viis latis
• Viam latam Vias latas
• Via lata Viae latae
• Via lata Viis latis
Which are all possible cases of the given
nouns:
• Puella
• Columbae parvae
• Rosis albis
• Scholam magnam
• Viarum latarum
• Reginas malas

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