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Magnetic Particle Testing. Presentation Krishnamoorthi. V

This document discusses magnetic particle testing. It can detect surface and subsurface discontinuities by magnetizing ferrous materials. Defects up to 6mm deep can be found. Magnetic lines of force never intersect and travel in paths of low resistance. Ferromagnetic materials are easily magnetized. The document covers the principles, advantages, disadvantages, types of magnetic materials, properties, methods of magnetization, types of magnetization, current selection, mediums used, interpretation of results, and demagnetization.

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The Engineers EDGE, Coimbatore
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233 views50 pages

Magnetic Particle Testing. Presentation Krishnamoorthi. V

This document discusses magnetic particle testing. It can detect surface and subsurface discontinuities by magnetizing ferrous materials. Defects up to 6mm deep can be found. Magnetic lines of force never intersect and travel in paths of low resistance. Ferromagnetic materials are easily magnetized. The document covers the principles, advantages, disadvantages, types of magnetic materials, properties, methods of magnetization, types of magnetization, current selection, mediums used, interpretation of results, and demagnetization.

Uploaded by

The Engineers EDGE, Coimbatore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAGNETIC PARTICLE

TESTING.

PRESENTATION
KRISHNAMOORTHI. V
PRINCIPLE

 BY MAGNETISING THE MATERIAL WE


CAN DETECT THE SURFACE & SUB-
SURFACE DISCONTINUTIES.

 UP TO 6 MM DEFTH CAN BE
DETECTED.
PROPERTIES OF LINES OF
FORCE.
 MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE.
 NEVER INTERSECT OR CROSS EACH
OTHER.
 ALWAYS TRAVELS IN A LOW RESISTANCE
PATH.
 LEAVES FROM NORTH POLE & ENTERS
THROUGH SOUTH POLE
 ALWAYS FORMS A CLOSE LOOP.
ADVANTAGES.

 SIMPLE PROCESS.
 SPOT RESULT.
 BOTH SURFACE & SUB SURFACE CAN
BE INSPECTED.
 LESS COST.
 NO HAZARDS.
DISADVANTAGES

 ONLY FERROUS MATERIAL DEFECTS


CAN BE DETECT.
 POWER SUPPLY IS NEEDED.
 SUBSURFACE MORE THAN 6 MM
CANNOT BE DETECTED.
 NO PERMANAT RECORD.
TYPES OF MAGNETIC
MATERIAL

1.DIA MAGNETIC MATERIALS.

 The material does not magnetize at any


stage.

 Ex. Gold, Silver, mercury, etc.


PARA MAGNETIC MATERIALS

 The material which get either magnetized


or not
 Due to alloy content present in it.

 Example : Copper sulfate, cobalt etc.


FERRO MAGNETIC
MATERIALS.

 The material which get easily magnetized


at any stage.

 Example : cast iron, wrought iron etc.


MAGNETIC PROPERTIES.
1. PERMEABILITY.

 Ability of the material to allow the flow of


flux or free flow of flux.
2. RELUCTANCE.

 The opposite force offered by the material


instead of getting easily magnetized.
3. RESIDUAL MAGNETISM.

 The amount of force present inside the


material after the removal of magnetic
source.
4.RETENTIVITY.

 To retain the residual magnetism.


5. CO-ERRESIVE FORCE.

 The opposite force required for the


removal of residual magnetism from the
material.
METHODS OF
MAGNETISATION.

 CONTINUOS METHOD

 RESIDUAL MAGNETISM.
TYPES OF MAGNETISATION.

 1. Longitudinal magnetization.

 2. Circular magnetization.
1. LONGITUDINAL
MAGNETIZATION.
1. COIL METHOD :

 A solenoid coil is wounded around a circular


component.
 Contact is made at the coil and magnetic force.
 Created at the inner part of the circular component.
 Any irregular job can be inspected by this
equipments.
 The magnetic force exist on either side 9”(inch)
 If job length is more than 18” it should be inspected
by using “second shot method”
2. YOKE.
1. Permanent yoke :

 It has two adjustable & tapered legs.


 By adjusting this any irregular components
can be inspected.
 It is mostly used for inspecting over head
position.
2. Electro magnetic yoke.
 Number of thin magnetic iron sheets are
wounded with the copper coil.
 If contact is applied at coil magnetization
will be created in iron sheets.
 Effective length of magnetic field created
is 2” to 8” (inch.)
2. CIRCULAR
MAGNETIZATION.
 1. HEAD SHOT :

 Inside the head shot there is a number of inbuilt coils.


 Copper pad is placed at both head stock & tail stock
face, to avoid the flow of heat inside the material & to
make a proper contact between them.
 When Current flow pass inside the material
magnetization created in circular form.
2. PRODS.
 Inside there is a transformer the output is taken
through cable and electrodes.
 Electrodes are firmly impressed over the
material surface to make a proper contact.
 Prods are restricted for inspecting machined
surface job due to arcing effect.
 Clean prod tips effective magnetic field created
3” – 6”.
3. CENTRAL CONDUCTOR.
 Central conductor is a copper rod only.
 It is used for inspecting hollow
components.
 The magnetic field exist on either side 9”.
 If a component OD is above 18” it should
be inspected by using “offset method”.
CURRENT SELECTION
TYPES OF CURRENT.
1. ALTERNATING CURRENT.
(AC)

 It is used for inspecting surface


discontinuities.
2.DIRECT CURRENT.(DC)

 It is used for inspecting subsurface


discontinuities.
3.HALF WAVE AC & HALF
WAVE DC.

 It is used for inspecting both surface and


sub-surface discontinuities.
CIRCULAR MAGNETIZATION.
1. HEAD SHOT :

 The current give to the material is based


on outer dia.
 If OD is 1” ( inch) current given is 300 to
800 amps.
PRODS.
 Current given is based on prods leg
distance and material thickness.

LEG DISTANCE. MATERIAL THICKNESS.

Below 19 mm. Above 19 mm.

1 inch 90 to 110 amps. 100 to 125 amps.

2 inch 180 to 220 amps


200 to 250 amps.
CENTRAL CONDUCTOR.
* Current given is based on conductor thickness
and material thickness.

Conductor Material Current given.


thickness. thickness.
(1/2)” 0.250mm 500 amps.

1” 0.250 mm 750 amps.


LONGITUDINAL
MAGNETIZATION.
1. COIL METHOD :

 Current given is based on L/D ratio.


 If LD ratio is less than 4” (inch) but not less than 2” (the magnetizing current shall be
within +/- 10% or the ampere-turns value determined as below.
Ampere-turns = 45000/(L/D)

 If LD ratio is equal or greater than 4”.


the magnetizing current shall be within +/- 10% of the ampere turns value.
Ampere-turns = 35000/((L/D)+2)

 For example : a part with 10” long, 2” diameter has an L/D ratio of 5, and then the
required ampere-turns shall be :
Ampere-turns = 35000/(5+2) = 5000 AT.
YOKE. (calibration)
 For checking the magnetic flux.

 AC. 10 pounds. 4.5 kg.


 DC. 40 pounds. 18.1 kg.
 Half AC 40 pounds. 18.1 kg.
Or
DC.
MEDIUMS.

 As the flux leakage cannot be seen


mediums are used to convert the invisible
leakage into visible.
TYPES OF MEDIUMS.
1. DRY MEDIUM :

 Powder + Air.
 Sensitivity is less than wet medium
 Particle size is 0.003”.
 Mostly used for inspecting high
temperature job (50ºC) & for inspecting
subsurface of the material.
2. WET MEDIUM.

 Powder + liquid.
 Water, kerosene can be used as liquid.
 Sensitivity is high.
 Particle size is 0.0004”.
 It is not used with prods due to corrosion
and flammability hazards.
CONCENTRATION.
 The concentration volume should be tested by
using centrifuge tube.
 If powder is greater than vehicle excess of
vehicle should be added to the concentration.
 If the vehicle is greater than powder excess of
powder should be added to the concentration.
 The powder should be mixed to vehicle in paste
form.
SETTLEMENT TIME.

 For water - 30 mints.

 For kerosene - 60 mints.


SETTLEMENT VALUES.

 For fluorescent medium 0.1 to o.4 ml.

 For non-fluorescent medium 1.2 to 2.4 ml.


1. FLUORESCENT MEDIUM.

 It can be seen under black or ultra violet


light.
 Intensity of light is 365 nanometers or
3650 angstrom.
 Sensitivity is high.
2. NON-FLUORESCENT MEDIUM.

 It can be seen under normal light.

 Sensitivity is less.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES.

 High permeability.

 Low reluctance.

 Low retentivity.
SHAPE OF THE IRON POWDER.
1.ROUND :

 Good mobility but there is no polarity.

2. LONG :

 Good polarity but there is no mobility

3. SLENDER

 Polarity is there but there is no mobility.

 NOTE : FINALLY RECOMMENDED TO USE COMBINATION OF ANY TWO SHAPE


IT IS.
PIE INDICATER.

 To find the flux direction.

 To verify field adequacy.


INTERPRETATION.

o To look for

o To analyze about it.

o To report about it.


ACCEPTANCE
 Procedure used ASME section 5 article 7.
 Acceptance standard ASME sec. 8.
 It any linear indication it should be
rejected.
 If any rounded indication OD equal or less
than ø 4.8 mm. it is accepted else
rejected.
LINEAR INDICATION.

 Width is three times lesser than length it is


linear indications.
1. ROUNDED INDICATIONS.

 Width is three times greater than length it


is rounded indications.
2. RELEVENT INDICATIONS.

 Indications present at area of interest


these are taken for acceptance standard.

 It is true indications.
3. NON-RELEVENT
INDICATIONS.

 Indications present at none other than


area of interest, there are not taken for
acceptance standard.

 It is also a true indication.


DEMAGNETISATION.
 The process of removing residual magnetism from the
material it is called as demagnetization.

 It is required for :
Rotating parts.
welding jobs, etc.
 It is not required :
pipe lines.
heat treatment jobs, etc.
THANK YOU.

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