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Thoery of Mechanisms and Machines: Gears

This document discusses gears, including different types of gears and their characteristics. It describes spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. It covers gear terminology such as pitch circle, diametral pitch, module, addendum, dedendum, and clearance. The document also discusses the fundamental law of gearing, involute tooth profiles, pressure angles, and contact ratios. It provides an example problem calculating the length of contact path and contact ratio given gear dimensions and tooth counts.

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Sumit Kumar
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66 views

Thoery of Mechanisms and Machines: Gears

This document discusses gears, including different types of gears and their characteristics. It describes spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. It covers gear terminology such as pitch circle, diametral pitch, module, addendum, dedendum, and clearance. The document also discusses the fundamental law of gearing, involute tooth profiles, pressure angles, and contact ratios. It provides an example problem calculating the length of contact path and contact ratio given gear dimensions and tooth counts.

Uploaded by

Sumit Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THOERY OF

MECHANISMS AND
MACHINES
Gears

Prof. Sumit kumar


Assistant Professor
NIETM, NAGPUR
Gears (Higher
Pair)
• Type of Gears

• Nomenclature

• Involute Profile

• Gear Construction

• Gear Trains

• Questions and examples


Types of
Gears
According to the position of axes of the shafts
• Parallel
 Spur
 Heli
cal
 Rac
k
and
Pini
on
• Interse
cting
Spur
Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts

• Simplest type of gear

• Teeth are cut parallel to shaft axis

• Easy to manufacture

• If one of the gear has infinite diameter, then

it is called rack, ( Rack and pinion)


Helical
Gear
• Used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts

• Teeth are cut at an angle with the shaft axis

• Helical gears can be meshed in parallel or crossed orientations.

• The angled teeth engage more gradually than spur gear teeth,

causing them to run more smoothly and quietly

• Double Helical gear


Bevel
• Used to transmit rotary motionGears
between intersecting shafts

• Tooth-bearing faces of the gears are conically shaped

• Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that

are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at

other angles as well.

• The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone


Worm and Worm
Gear
• Used for high Gear ratios

• Direction of transmission (input shaft vs output shaft)

is not reversible when using large reduction ratios


• Used in wiper motors
Terminolog
• Small Gear– Pinion y
• Large Gear – Wheel
• Pitch Curve: theoretical curve along
which gear rolls (without slipping)
• Circular Pitch (p): distance measured
along the pitch circle from one point of
tooth to the corresponding point in
adjacent tooth
𝜋𝑑
𝑝
𝑝�
=
𝑑 𝑝 = diameter of pitch �
circle
𝑁 = Number of teeth
• Diametral Pitch: no. of teeth per unit length of the PCD
�
𝑃 �𝑝
= 𝑑
• Module: inverse of Diametral pitch
𝑑𝑝
𝑚
�
=
• Addendum: radial distance b/w PC and top�land
𝑎=𝑚
• Dedendum: radial distance b/w PC and bottom land
𝑏 = 1.25 × 𝑚
• Clearance: amount by which dedendum of gear exceeds the addendum of the
mating gear
𝑐=𝑏−𝑎
Fundamental Law of
Gearing
• Let, N be the number of teeth from each
gear passing through engagement zone in
1 second
• Number of teeth on two gears 1 and 2 be
N1 and N2 respectively
• Gear 1 and 2 make (N/N1) and N/N2)
revolution
2𝜋 𝑁
𝜔 1 2𝜋 𝑁 𝜔2
�1 �2
= � = �
𝜔1 𝑁1
=−
𝜔2
Fundamental Law of
Gearing
• The condition to maintain a constant angular
velocity ratio between two gears is that the
common normal at the point of contact
should meet the line joining the centers
at a fixed point (Pitch Point)

𝜔1 𝑂 2𝑃
=
𝜔2 𝑂 1𝑃
Involute
Profile
• Curve traced by a point on a string
unwrapping from a cylinder is involute profile
Pressure
Angle
• Common normal to the mating tooth curves at

the point of contact makes a constant angle with

the common tangent to the pitch circles passing

through the pitch point. This angle is called

pressure angle.
Contact
• To transmit rotational motionRatio
continuous there must be at least one pair of
contacting teeth at all times

• Typically, there are more than one pair in contact, hence overlapping of
teeth

• Contact Ratio is used to provide quantitative measure of the amount of


overlap 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑐
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
=
2𝜋𝑟 �2
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(𝑝 �)
= � 𝑁 2�
Contact
Ratio
𝐸 𝑆 𝐸
𝑚𝑐 = =𝐹
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝐹 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑝𝑡𝑐𝑖ℎ �
𝑝 �
=𝐹 = 𝐸 𝐹 + 𝐴 𝐸 + 𝐸 𝐹 +
𝐸
𝐵𝐹
− 𝐴𝐸 + 𝐵𝐹
+ 𝐸𝐹
𝐸𝐹 = 𝐴𝐹 + 𝐵𝐸 − 𝐴 𝐵
𝐴 𝐵 = 𝐶𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝐶 = 𝑟𝑝1 + 𝑟𝑝2
Questio
n
The pitch circle radii of two involute spur gears in mesh are 51.5mm
and 64.2mm. The outer circle radii are 57.5mm and 71.2mm,
respectively, the operating pressure angle being 20 degrees. Determine
1) Length of the path of contact
2) Contact ratio if the number of teeth on the larger gear is 20

𝑟𝑏 = 𝑟𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
Primary Gear
Characteristics
• Pressure angle/ tooth profile

• Face Width

• Gear ratio or number of teeth on both gears

• Centre to centre distance

• Module

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