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Welcome To Our Presentation: Today Our Topic Is Processor and Memory

The processor, also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), is the brain of the computer system that performs all calculations and controls operations. The CPU has two main parts - the Control Unit which directs the execution of instructions, and the Arithmetic Logic Unit which performs arithmetic and logical operations. Memory is where data and instructions are stored, with different levels from fast registers inside the CPU to slower secondary storage. RAM is volatile memory that allows reading and modifying data, while ROM is non-volatile and used to store essential startup instructions. Processor speed and type, as well as memory size and type, are important specifications that determine a computer system's performance.

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51 views

Welcome To Our Presentation: Today Our Topic Is Processor and Memory

The processor, also known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), is the brain of the computer system that performs all calculations and controls operations. The CPU has two main parts - the Control Unit which directs the execution of instructions, and the Arithmetic Logic Unit which performs arithmetic and logical operations. Memory is where data and instructions are stored, with different levels from fast registers inside the CPU to slower secondary storage. RAM is volatile memory that allows reading and modifying data, while ROM is non-volatile and used to store essential startup instructions. Processor speed and type, as well as memory size and type, are important specifications that determine a computer system's performance.

Uploaded by

KRZ. Arpon Root Hacker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome to our

Presentation
Today our topic is Processor and Memory
What is processor?

The processor is sometimes referred to as the Central Processing Unit


(CPU). CPU is the brain of a computer system. It performs all major
calculations and comparisons, and also activates and controls the operations
of other units of the computer system.
The CPU

■ Converts data into information


■ Control center
■ Set of electronic circuitry that executes stored program
instructions
■ Two parts
– Control Unit (CU)
– Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Processor and memory system
Control Unit
(CU)
■ Part of the hardware that is in-charge
■ Directs the computer system to execute stored program
instructions
■ Communicates with other parts of the hardware
Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
Performs arithmetic operations
Performs logical operations
Logical Operations

■ Evaluates conditions
■ Makes comparisons
=> NOT
■ Can compare <
– Numbers
<> AND
– Letters
>=
OR
– Special characters

<=
Registers

Special-purpose
High-speed
Temporary storage
Located inside CPU

Data register
Instruction register
Holds data waiting to be processed
Holds instruction currently being executed
Holds results from processing
Types of Storage

■ Secondary
– Data that will eventually be used
– Long-term
■ Memory
– Data that will be used in the near future
– Temporary
– Faster access than storage
■ Registers
– Data immediately related to the operation being executed
– Faster access than memory
Processor speed

Most computer applications require that the computer system meets


minimum requirements in order for the installation to run. One of those
requirements is processor speed. Processor speed measures (in megahertz or
gigahertz; MHz or GHz) the number of instructions per second the computer
executes. 
Types of Processors

■ CLSC Processors
■ RLSC Processors
■ EPLC Processors
■ Multicore Processor
■ Power-Efficient Processor
Memory

The main memory in a computer is called Random Access Memory. It is


also known as RAM. This is the part of the computer that stores operating
system software, software applications and other information for the central
processing unit (CPU) to have fast and direct access when needed to perform
tasks.
Main Types of Memory

RAM
Random Access Memory

ROM
Read Only Memory
RAM

■ Requires current to retain values


■ Volatile
■ Data and instructions can be read and modified
■ Users typically refer to this type of memory
What’s in RAM?

■ Operating System
■ Program currently running
■ Data needed by the program
■ Intermediate results waiting to be output
ROM

■ Non-volatile
■ Instructions for booting the computer
■ Data and instructions can be read, but not modified
■ Instructions are typically recorded at factory
Types of RAM

SRAM
■ Retains contents as long as power is maintained
■ Faster than DRAM
Types of RAM

DRAM
■ Must be constantly refreshed
■ Used for most PC memory because of size and cost
■ SDRAM
– faster type of DRAM
■ Rambus DRAM
– Faster than SDRAM
– Expensive
Adding RAM

■ Purchase memory modules that are packaged on circuit


boards
■ SIMMS – Chips on one side
■ DIMMS – Chips on both sides
■ Maximum amount of RAM that can be installed is
based upon the motherboard design
ROM

■ Programs and data that are permanently recorded at the factory


■ Read
■ Use
■ Cannot be changed by the user
■ Stores boot routine that is activated when computer is turned
on
■ Nonvolatile
PROM

■ Programmable ROM
■ ROM burner can change instructions on some ROM
chips
EPROM

■ EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory) is


programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM) that
can be erased and re-used.
Cache

■ Small block of very fast temporary memory


■ Speed up data transfer
■ Instructions and data used most frequently or most
recently
Thank you
everyone

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