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The Human Digestive System

The human digestive system includes the alimentary canal and associated glands. Food enters through the mouth and passes through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine where most digestion occurs, aided by enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The small intestine absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream while waste passes to the large intestine and is excreted as feces.

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Azfar Zack
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147 views

The Human Digestive System

The human digestive system includes the alimentary canal and associated glands. Food enters through the mouth and passes through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine where most digestion occurs, aided by enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The small intestine absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream while waste passes to the large intestine and is excreted as feces.

Uploaded by

Azfar Zack
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The human digestive system

Thank you
 The human digestive system includes
alimentary canal (9cm) and its associated
glands.
Organs in sequence include:
 Mouth
 Oesophagus
 Stomach
 Small intestine
 Large intestine

Glands include:
 Salivary gland
 Liver
 Pancrease
Steps of nutrition in Human Beings

 INGESTION
Intake of food is known as ingestion.
In humans special organ-mouth.
 DIGESTION

It begins in mouth itself with the help of


teeth,tongue and salivary glands.
 Processing of food
 Mechanical (physical)
– Chew
– Tear
– Grind
– Mash
– Mix
 Chemical
– Enzymatic hydrolysis
 Teeth – physical digestion
 Salivary gland - produce saliva which wets
the food.
 Tongue – helps in mixing food with saliva
 Wetted food is
swallowed easily.
 Salivary enzyme
secretes enzyme called
amylase – responsible
for partial digestion of
carbohydrates.
Oesophagus

 Partially digested food


is then swallowed into
the oesophagus
through peristaltic
movements
(contraction and
expansion movements).
 Because of this food
enters stomach.
Stomach

 ‘J’ shaped organ


 Present on the Left side
of the abdomen
 Food is churned in
stomach for 3 hrs.
 Further digestion of
food takes place to
form a semi solid paste.
 Stomach secretes gastric juices containing
 Pepsin – necessary for protein digestion.
 Hydrochloric acid – provides acidic medium
necessary for enzymatic lysis of proteins into
peptones in the presence of pepsin.
 Mucus – protect the stomach wall from HCl.
Small intestine
 Partially digested food
then enters small
intestine through
‘sphincter muscle’
 largest part of
alimentary canal approx
6.5 cm
 Site of complete
digestion.
 Small intestine receives secretion of two
glands:
 Liver
 Pancrease
Liver
 Liver secretes bile
responsible for the
breakdown of fats
present in the small
intestine.
 Process is known as
Emulsification
 bile is yellowish green
alkaline liquid stored in
gall bladder.
Pancrease
 Pancreas – largest
gland
 Secretes pancreatic
juice consisting of
pancreatic amylase
(starch), trypsin
(protein) and lipase
(fats).
 Small intestine contains glands which secrete intestinal juice which
contains various enzymes:
– Peptidase
 Amino
 Di
 Tri
– Sucrase
– Maltase
– Saccharidases
 Di
 Tri
– Lipase
– Nucleases
 ABSORPTION
– After digestion food molecules become so
small in size that they can easily get into the
blood capilliaries and go into blood hence
absorption.
– Main site is small intestine because of Villi
(finger like projections ) on the inner surface.
 ASSIMILATION
– Blood carries digested and dissolved food to
all the parts of the body where it gets
assimilated as the part of the cells.
– Assimilated food is thus used for:
 Energy
 Growth
 Repair of the body.
 EGESTION
– Part of the food we eat remains undigested
which then reaches large intestine via small
intestine.
Large intestine
 Large intestine absorbs
water from the
undigested food
through villi.(present on
the inner surface)
 This solid is then stored
in rectum which is then
passed out from anus
as faeces (controlled by
anal sphincter).

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