Stand pipe system


PREPARED
BY
HOMER C. PANGANIBAN JR.
PME
 Definition of terms

 Stand pipe – the vertical portion of the system that
delivers water supply for hose connections, vertically
from floor to floor
 Stand pipe system – an arrangement of piping,
valves, hose connection, and allied equipment
installed in a building or structure, with the hose
connections located in such a manner that water can
be discharged in streams or spray patterns through
attached hose and nozzles, for the purpose of
extinguishing a fire.
 Definition of terms

 Fire department Connection – a connection for which
the fire department can pump supplemental water
supply.
 Hose connections – a combination of equipment
provided for connection of a hose to the stand pipe
system that includes a hose valve with a threaded
outlet
 Feed main – The portion of a stand pipe system that
supplies water to one or more standpipes
 Definition of terms

 High Rise Building – a building where the floor of an
occupiable story is greater than 75 ft above the lowest
level of fire department vehicle access
 Hose Station - combination of a hose rack, hose nozzle,
hose, and hose connection
 Pressures

 Nozzle pressure – Pressure required at the inlet of a
nozzle to produce the desired water discharge
characteristics
 Residual Pressure – For standpipe system, pressure
acting on a point in the system with a flow being
delivered
 Static Pressure – For standpipe system, pressure
acting on a point in the system with no flow from the
system
 Device

 Pressure Regulating Device – a device designed for the
purpose of reducing regulating, controlling or restricting
water pressure.
 Pressure Restricting Device – A valve or device
designed for the purpose of reducing the down stream
water pressure under flowing conditions only.
 
 Stand pipe can be automatic, manual, wet type or dry pipe
 System zone – a vertical subdivision of stand pipe system
limited or determined by the pressure limitations of the
system components.
 System demand – the flow rate and residual pressure
required from a water supply, measured at the point of
connection of a water supply to a stand pipe system, to
deliver the total water flow rate and the maximum residual
pressures required for a stand pipe system at the most
remote hose and the minimum water flow rate.
 System type

 Class I System – a System that provides 2 ½ in. hose
connection to supply water for use by fire
department and those trained in handling heavy fire
streams.
 Class II System – A system that provides 1 ½ in. hose
stations to supply water for use primarily by trained
personnel or by the fire department during initial
response.
 System type

 Class III System – A System that provides 1 ½ in hose
station to supply for use by trained personnel and 2
½ in. hose connection to supply a larger volume of
water for use by fire department and those trained to
handling heavy fire streams.
 Valves

 Control Valve – A Valve controlling flow to a water
based fire protection systems. Control valves do not
include hose valves, inspectors test valves, drain valves,
trim valves for dry pipe, preaction and deluge valves,
check valves or relief valves.
 Hose Valves – the valve to an individual hose
connection
 Valves

 Pressure Control Valves – a Pilot operated pressure
reducing valve designed for the purpose of reducing the
downstream water pressure to a specific value under
both flowing ( residual) and non flowing (static)
conditions.
 Pressure-Reducing Valve _ A Valve designed for the
purpose of reducing the downstream water pressure
under both flowing and non flowing conditions
 Design

 General – The design of the stand pipe system is
governed by building height, area per floor
occupancy classification, egress system design,
required flow rate and residual pressure, and the
distance of the hose connection from the sourcces of
the water supply.
 Pressure Limitation

 The maximum pressure at any point in the system at
any time shall not exceed 350 psi
Maximum Pressure for Hose Connection


 Where the residual pressure at 1 ½ in. outlet on a hose
connection exceeds 100 psi, an approved pressure
regulating device shall be provided to limit the residual
pressure at the flow required to 100 psi.
 Where the static pressure at a hose connection exceeds 175
psi an approved pressure regulating device shall be
provided to limit the static and residual pressures at the
outlet of the hose connection to 100 psi for 1 ½ in hose
connection and 175 psi for other hose connection. The
pressure on the inlet side of the pressure regulating device
shall not exceed the device’s rated working pressure.
 
 When the system pressure- regulating devices are used
in lieu of providing separate pumps, multiple zones
shall be permitted to be supplied by a single pump and
pressure regulating devices under the following
conditions
1. pressure regulating devices shall be permitted to control
pressure in the lower zone
2. A method to isolate the pressure regulating device
shall be provided for maintenance and repair.
 
3. Regulating devices shall be arrange so that the failure
of any single device does not allow pressure in excess
of 175psi to more than two hose connections.
4. An equally sized bypass around the regulating device,
with a normally closed control valve, shall be installed.
5. Pressure-regulating device shall be installed not more
than 7 ft 6 in above the floor
 
6. The pressure regulating device shall be provided with
inlet and outlet pressure gauges.
7. The fire department connections shall be connected to
the system side of the outlet isolation valve
8. The pressure regulating device shall be provided with a
pressure relief valve in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations
9. Remote monitoring and supervision for detecting high
pressure failure of the pressure regulating device shall
be provided in accordance with NFPA 72.
 Location of Hose Connection


 General – Hose Connection and Hose Stations shall be
unobstructed and shall be located not less than 3 ft or
more than 5 ft above the floor
 The hose connection shall not obstructed by the closed
or open door or other objects on the landing.
 Class I system

 Class I system shall be provided with 2 ½ in hose
connection in the following locations
1. At the highest intermediate landing between floor
levels in every required exit stairway
2. On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit
openings of horizontal exits.
3. In other than covered mall buildings, in each exit
passageway at the entrance from the building areas
into the passageway
 Class I system

4. In covered mall buildings, at the entrance to each exit
passageway or exit corridor, and at the interior side of
public entrances from the exterior to the mall
5. At the highest landing of stairways with stairway
access to roof, and on roofs with a slope of less than 3 in
12 where stairways do not access the roof.
 Hose connections shall be permitted to be located at the
main floor landings in exit stairways where approved by
the authority having jurisdiction
 Class I system

 An additional 2 ½ in hose connection shall be provided at the
hydraulically most remote portion of the system to facilitate
testing.
 Where the most remote portion of a non sprinklered floor or
story is located in excess of 150 ft. of travel distance from a
required exit containing or adjacent to a hose connection or the
most remote portion of a sprinklered floor or story is located in
excess of 200 ft. of travel distance from a required exit containing
or adjacent to a hose connection, additional hose connections
shall be provided in approved locations where required by the
local fire department or authority having jurisdiction.
 Class II systems.

 Class II system shall be provided with 1 ½ in. hose
stations so that all portions of each floor level of the
building are with in 130 ft of hose connection
provided with 1 ½ in. hose or with in 120 ft.
connection provided with less than 1 ½ in hose.
 Distances shall be measured along the path of travel
originating at the hose connection.
 Class III system

 Class III system shall be provided with hose
connections as required for both Class I and Class II
system.
 Number of Stand Pipes

 Separate stand pipes shall be provided in each
required exit way
 Interconnection of stand pipes

 Where two or more stand pipes are installed in the
same building or section of building, they shall be
interconnected

 Where stand pipes are supplied by tanks located at the

top of the building or zone, the following criteria shall
be met
1. The stand pipes also shall be interconnected at the top
2. Check valve shall be installed at the base of each stand
pipe to prevent circulation.
 Minimum sizes for Stand pipes and
Branch Lines

 Class I and Class III stand pipes shall be 4 in. in size
 Stand pipes that are part of a combined system shall
be at least 6 in. in size.
 Branch lines shall be based on hydraulic criteria but
not to less than 2 ½ in dia.
 Minimum Design Pressure for
Hydraulically Designed System

 Minimum residual pressure of 100 psi at the outlet of
the hydraulically most remote 2 ½ in hose connection
and 65 psi at the outlet of the hydraulically most
remote 1 ½ in hose station.
 Flow rates

 Class I and Class III systems, the minimum flow rate
for the hydraulically most remote stand pipe shall be
500 gpm.
 Where a horizontal stand pipe on Class I and Class
III system supplies three or more hose connection on
any floor, the minimum flow rate fo the
hydraulically most demanding horizontal stand pipe
shall be 750 gpm
 Minimum Flow rate

 The minimum Flow rate for additional stand pipe
shall be 250 gpm per stand pipe with the total not to
exceed 1250 gpm or 1000 gpm for building
sprinklered throughout.
 When the floor area exceeds 80,000 sq. ft., the second
most remote stand pipe shall be designed to
accommodate 500 gpm.
 Class II system
minimum flow rate

 For Class II systems, the minimum flow rate for the
hydraulically most remote hose connection shall be
100 gpm.
 Additional flow shall not be required where more
than one hose connection is provided.
 Maximum flow rates for individual
Connection

 For 2 ½ in hose connection – 250 gpm
 For 1 ½ in hose connection – 100 gpm
Example calculation

 At
  point 1
 Pt1 = 65 psi
 Determining the pressure
at point 2 with L = 3m or
10 ft and 1 elbow and 3.068
ID, C=120, Q=100GPM
P
 P= 0.0137 psi/ft.
 Pf = 0.0137x (10 +7) =
0.2329 psi
 Pe=10ft x
0.433psi/ft=4.33 psi
 Pt2 =Pt1 + Pf + Pe =
69.5629 psi
 Determining pressure at
point 3:
 at point 3 with L = 3m or
10 ft and and 3.068 ID,
C=120, Q=100GPM
 P= 0.0137 psi/ft.
 Pf = 0.0137x (10) = .137
psi
 Pe=10ft x 0.433psi/ft=4.33
psi
 Pt3 =Pt2 + Pf + Pe =
74.0299psi
 Determining pressure at
point 4:
 L = 5m or 16 ft and 2 elbow
and 3.068 ID, C=120,
Q=100GPM
 Leq = 16 + 14 = 30 ft
 Pf = 0.0137x (30) = .411 psi
 Pe = 4.33, Pf = 0.0137x (10) =
.137 psi
 Pt4 =Pt3 + Pf + Pe =74.0299
+0.411 + 4.33 = 78.7709 psi
Determining total pressure

 Assuming eq. length = 250 ft. ( include alarm valve,
gate valve, and fittings with 3 in dia. Pipe) – this is
previously calculated
 P= 0.0137 psi/ft.
 Pf = 0.0137 psi/ft x 250 ft = 3.425 psi
 Total pressure = Pt4 + Pf + Pe = 78.7709 + 3.425 + 0 =
82.1959 psi
 Equipment Selection
FIRE PUMP

 Model 2.5PVF8
 Capacity : 100 gpm
 Head : 85 psi ( 196 ft)
 Shut off head : 91 psi
 Hp : 15 ( UL Listed pump)
 Manufacturer : PEERLESS PUMP
 JOCKEY PUMP

 Capacity = 10 gpm
 Model 935
 Unit No. : FJP-196 – 10
 HP: 2 Hp.
 Manufacturer : FAIRBANKS MORSE
 Pump sequence of operation

 Jockey pump maintains normal system pressure and
should start at 81 and stop at 91 psi
 Fire Pump should be set to start if system pressure
drops to 76 psi
 Fire pumps should stop at system pressure of 91 psi.
 FIN!


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