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INTLesson 2 Substitution Rule

The document provides guidelines and objectives for an online calculus lesson on integration using substitution rule. It includes examples of using substitution rule to evaluate integrals that cannot be solved using basic formulas. The lesson will teach students to identify neutralizing factors, use substitution to transform integrals into integrable forms, and evaluate the transformed integrals. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the substitution rule and using neutralizing factors to solve integrals involving trigonometric, exponential and other non-basic functions.

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Joy Ibarrientos
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views

INTLesson 2 Substitution Rule

The document provides guidelines and objectives for an online calculus lesson on integration using substitution rule. It includes examples of using substitution rule to evaluate integrals that cannot be solved using basic formulas. The lesson will teach students to identify neutralizing factors, use substitution to transform integrals into integrable forms, and evaluate the transformed integrals. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the substitution rule and using neutralizing factors to solve integrals involving trigonometric, exponential and other non-basic functions.

Uploaded by

Joy Ibarrientos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSROOM GUIDELINES

1. Come to the scheduled online class five minutes before the session.

2. Be ready with at least 5 pieces of short bond papers and ballpen.

3. Focus on the lesson and limit your unnecessary gestures and noises.
4. Cooperate with your assigned groupmates and activity.

5. Be on time in submitting your homework, short quiz, and long quiz.


6. Secure a NOTEBOOK and write down all solved Indefinite Integrals in the
class which will be used in evaluating Definite Integrals later on.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:

1. identify the neutralizing factor of a given integrals.


2. use skills in finding the differential of a function.
3. utilize substitution rule to reduce the integrals into integrable form.
4. evaluate the transformed integrals.
PRELIMINARIES
Consider the following integrals:

     

     

     

     

These integrals are written in complicated form. The Basic Integration Formulas are not
that suitable to find the integral of each items. The alternative way in solving these integrals
by simply do some manipulation or apply the Substitution Rule.
SUBSTITUTION RULE
Some integrals cannot be evaluated readily by direct use of Basic Integration Formulas.
Substitution Rule or The Chain Rule of Antidifferentiation is suitable technique to solve these
integrals. This method involves change of variable and transform the integrals in integrable
form.
Definition
Let g be a differentiable function of x and let the range of g be an interval I. Suppose
that f is a function defined on I and that F is an antiderivative of f on I. Then,
 

Based from the definition, we need to introduce another variable, say u, that will reduce
the integrals from complicated to integrable form. The integrals now will be rewrite from
function of x to function of u. Once the transformation takes place, Basic Integration Formula
can be used to evaluate the integrals. Hence,
let u = g(x)
du = g’(x) dx

 
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals


Then,
 
Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(x)]


Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Then, Transform the integrals


 
Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals


Then,
 
Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence,
NEUTRALIZING FACTOR
Any positive or negative constant values appear in a differential of the function, that
value can be used to neutralize the integrals is called Neutralizing Factor (NF). NF is the
reciprocal of the positive or negative constant value from the differential of the variable to
be changed. After the differential was taken from Substitution Rule, no need to divide the
constant, just use neutralizing factor.

 
Apply Substitution Rule

  Transform the integrals

Remarks: Any constants coming out from the differential of the function, it will be considered
as neutralizing factor.
Example

 
Solution :
Apply Substitution Rule
Then, Transform the integrals
 
Apply I3

Apply I6

Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Then, Transform the integrals

 
Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals


Then,
 
Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Then, Transform the integrals


 

Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence,
Example
 
a) Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals


Then,
 
Apply I3

Apply I5

Hence,

 
Example
 

b) Alternative Solution :
Given
Apply Special Product
Apply I4
Apply I3
Hence, Apply I5
SHORT QUIZ #1
(Please proceed to ____
and read the direction carefully)
References:
1
Rodriguez, E, et al. ”Basic Calculus”. Brilliant Creation Publication, Quezon City (2017)
2
Boelkins, M. et al. “Active Calculus & Mathematical Modeling. “Carroll College. 2016
3
Melencio, D. and Lamayo, L. ”Intro to Analytic Geometry and Calculus”. SIBS Publishing House,
Quezon City (2007)
4
Rainville and Love, C. "Calculus Differential and Integral Calculus”. The MacMillan Company.
New York (1999)
5
Mendelson, E. “Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Beginning Calculus”. Second
Edition. Queens, New York City. 1997
6
Peterson, T. ”Calculus with Analytic Geometry”. Harper & Brothers, New York (1996)
7
Leithold, L. ”The Calculus 7”. Good Year Books, New York (1996)
8
Feliciano, F. & Uy, F. Differential and Integral Calculus. Merriam and Webster Bookstore, Inc.
1983
9
W.M. Priestley. "Calculus: a historical approach”. Springer (1979)

Web References:
1
https:// www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/integration
2
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com

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