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Satellite Communication Systems Satellite Communication Systems

This document discusses satellite communication systems and overall link performance with a transparent satellite. It defines key terms like carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) for the uplink, downlink, and overall. It describes how a satellite's transponder receives, amplifies, and retransmits signals at a different frequency. It provides equations to calculate the overall C/N0 ratio based on factors like satellite gain, input/output back-off, and noise contributions from different parts of the link. Numerical methods are presented to calculate the input/output back-off needed to achieve a desired overall C/N0 ratio.

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Adnan Ali
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75 views

Satellite Communication Systems Satellite Communication Systems

This document discusses satellite communication systems and overall link performance with a transparent satellite. It defines key terms like carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) for the uplink, downlink, and overall. It describes how a satellite's transponder receives, amplifies, and retransmits signals at a different frequency. It provides equations to calculate the overall C/N0 ratio based on factors like satellite gain, input/output back-off, and noise contributions from different parts of the link. Numerical methods are presented to calculate the input/output back-off needed to achieve a desired overall C/N0 ratio.

Uploaded by

Adnan Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Dr Syed Amer Ahsan Gilani


Email: [email protected]
Mob: +923215032756

1
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
THE MOST MERCIFUL & THE MOST BENEFICENT
2
LECTURE-2
SATELLITE UPLINK AND DOWNLINK
PERFORMANCE
(Apr 2021)

3
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Overall station-to-station link performance

• We shall consider overall station-to-station link performance involving one

uplink and one downlink via a Bent-pipe/ transparent satellite (no on-

board demodulation and remodulation)

• Interference noise originating from other carriers in the considered

frequency bands and intermodulation noise resulting from multicarrier

operation of non-linear amplifiers shall not be considered


OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
C/N0 Notations
• (C/N0)U is the uplink carrier power-to-noise power spectral density ratio (Hz) at
the satellite receiver input
• (C/N0)D is the downlink carrier power-to-noise power spectral density ratio (Hz)
at the earth station receiver input
• (C/N0)I is the carrier power-to-interference noise power spectral density ratio
(Hz) at the input of the considered receiver
• (C/N0)IM is the carrier power-to-intermodulation noise power spectral density
ratio (Hz) at the output of the considered non-linear amplifier

(C/N0)T is the overall carrier power-to-noise


power spectral density ratio (Hz) at the
earth station receiver input
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
TRANSPONDER OF A BENT-PIPE PAYLOAD

• A transponder is a device that receives radio signals and retransmits the

identical/ different signal at a different frequency

• transponder that simply amplifies the received signal and changes its

frequency for retransmission is known as a LINEAR OR BENT PIPE

TRANSPONDER

6
Satellite Channel/
Transponder

2 x Rx for
redundancy

Example of a system of 24 transponders for a 6/4 GHz satellite operated with orthogonal
circularly polarized signals. Each bandpass filter has a different center frequency, down
conversion frequency shift is 2225MHz. LHCP, left hand circular polarization; RHCP, right hand
circular polarization
Satellite Channel/ Transponder Frequency Plan

Frequency plan for the transponders in last Figure. Note that there is a 20MHz frequency
shift between transponders for orthogonal polarized signals. fnu is an uplink frequency,
fnd is the corresponding downlink frequency, 2225MHz below the uplink frequency.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ONE TRANSPONDER OF A BENT-PIPE PAYLOAD

TWO KINDS OF HPA SUBSYSTEM: (a) TWTA SUBSYSTEM AND (b) SSPA UNIT

9
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Channel/Transponder

• Observe 20MHz offset between transponders at the same


nominal frequency with orthogonal polarizations
• Frequency offset helps the earth station receiver separate
the two orthogonally polarized signals and reduces
crosstalk between the channels
• By employing LHCP and RHCP channels (bandwidth
enhanced), communication capacity is doubled,
compared to a single polarization system
• This technique is known as frequency reuse
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Channel/Transponder
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Channel/Transponder - Notations

• Saturation refers to the operation of the amplifier at maximum output


power in single-carrier operation
• The satellite operator provides characteristic values of a satellite channel
in terms of flux density at saturation Φsat, and EIRP at saturation, EIRPsat
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Rx Power Flux Density
• Satellite power flux density at saturation
• This flux is provided by the transmit earth station and is considered
at the satellite receive antenna
• Nominal value to drive the satellite channel amplifier at saturation is
given by
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Rx Power Flux Density
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Rx Carrier at Saturation

OR
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Tx EIRP

• Satellite EIRP at saturation


• The satellite EIRP at saturation and boresight, EIRPsat; max, relates to the

satellite channel amplifier output power at saturation (Po1)sat, as follows:


OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Repeater Gain

• Satellite repeater gain


OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Satellite Repeater Gain

• Input and output back-off


• Satellite channel power amplifier is not always operated at saturation,
and it is convenient to determine the operating point Q of the satellite
channel amplifier determined by the input power (Pin)Q and the output

power (P0n)Q

• Convenient to normalise these quantities with respect to (Pi1)sat and

(Po1)sat respectively
• This defines the input back-off (IBO) and the output back-off (OBO):
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE

• Carrier power at satellite receiver input


• The carrier power required at the satellite receiver input to drive the
satellite channel amplifier to operate at the considered operating point
Q is given by:
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Expression for (C/N0)T
• Expression for (C/N0)T without interference from other systems or
intermodulation
• The power of the carrier received at the input of the earth station receiver
is CD
• The noise at the input of the earth station receiver corresponds to the
sum of the following:
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Effects of multicarrier operation on transponder amplifier

• Two effects are observed which are consequences of using the same

repeater channel/transponder to amplify several carriers:

• The total power at the output of the channel/transponder is less than

that which would exist in the absence of back-off

• The useful power per carrier is reduced by allocation of part of the

total power to inter modulation products

• If the carriers at the amplifier input are of unequal power, the power at

the amplifier output is shared unequally between carriers and noise


OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
Effects of multicarrier operation on transponder amplifier

• Amplifier does not have equal power gain for all carriers and a capture

effect can arise

• Capture effect. Carriers of high power acquire more power than carriers

of low power

• For carriers of high power, the value of the ratio (C/N0)T is greater & for

carriers of low power, (C/N0)T is smaller

• Generation of inter modulation products is also observed between noise

on the uplink and the carriers; this effect can be taken into account in the

form of an increase in the noise temperature at the channel input


OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3 Overall link performance for a transparent satellite without interference
or inter modulation
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3 Overall link performance for a transparent satellite without interference
or inter modulation
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3 Overall link performance for a transparent satellite without interference
or inter modulation
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3.1 Satellite repeater gain at saturation GSRsat
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3.2 Calculation of C/No for the up and down link and
over all link when the repeater operates at saturation
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3.3 Calculation of the input and output back-off to achieve
(C/N0)T = 80 dBHz and the corresponding values of (C/N0)U and (C/N0)D

 
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3.3 Calculation of the input and output back-off to achieve
(C/N0)T = 80 dBHz and the corresponding values of (C/N0)U and (C/N0)D
NUMERICAL METHOD USING MATLAB

function F = root2d(x)

F(1) = 10^(-x(1)/10) + 10^(-x(2)/10) - 10^(1.76);


F(2) = x(1) + 6 - 6*((exp(x(1)/6))) - x(2);

fun = @root2d;
x0 = [0,0];
x = fsolve(fun,x0)
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
5.9.3.3 Calculation of the input and output back-off to achieve
(C/N0)T = 80 dBHz and the corresponding values of (C/N0)U and (C/N0)D
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
OVERALL LINK PERFORMANCE WITH
TRANSPARENT SATELLITE
THANKS

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