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Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementations and Management

This document discusses database principles and fundamentals. It defines key terms like data, information, database, and DBMS. It explains that data are raw facts while information results from processing data to reveal meaning. A DBMS is used to manage databases and provides advantages like improved data sharing and access. The document also discusses different types of databases and emphasizes the importance of database design for generating accurate information to support good decision making.

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Nhloso Ndlovu
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49 views

Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementations and Management

This document discusses database principles and fundamentals. It defines key terms like data, information, database, and DBMS. It explains that data are raw facts while information results from processing data to reveal meaning. A DBMS is used to manage databases and provides advantages like improved data sharing and access. The document also discusses different types of databases and emphasizes the importance of database design for generating accurate information to support good decision making.

Uploaded by

Nhloso Ndlovu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

DATABASE PRINCIPLES: FUNDAMENTALS OF

DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATIONS AND


MANAGEMENT

Stephen Morris, Keeley Crockett, Peter Rob and Carlos Coronel

CHAPTER 1
DATABASE SYSTEMS
Lecture 1
T: 051 401 2754 [email protected] www.ufs.ac.za/it
IN THIS LECTURE, YOU WILL LEARN:
• The difference between data and information
• What a database?
• What the different types of databases are, and
why they are valuable assets for decision
making.
• The importance of database design.
• How modern databases evolved from file
systems.
• The importance of Data Governance and Data
Quality
DATA VS. INFORMATION
• What is Data?
• What is Information?
• Are they the same or different?
DATA VS. INFORMATION
• What does the following mean to you?

51, 77, 58, 82, 64, 70


DATA VS. INFORMATION
• Suppose you now know the previous slide
contained test results for CSIQ2634 first
semester test. Does it have any more
meaning?
DATA VS. INFORMATION
• Suppose you get told the average score is
67%.
• What is the difference between the three
ways in which this “information” was
presented?
DATA VS. INFORMATION
DATA VS. INFORMATION
• Data:
– Raw facts; building blocks of information
– The raw indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to
reveal their meaning.
• Information:
– Data processed to reveal meaning
• In this information age, production of accurate, relevant,
and timely information is key to good decision making
• Good decision making is the key to survival in a global
environment
• Data are foundation of information, which is the
bedrock of knowledge.
DATA VS. INFORMATION
TRANSFORMING RAW DATA INTO INFORMATION
TRANSFORMING RAW DATA INTO INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
TRANSFORMING RAW DATA INTO INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
TRANSFORMING RAW DATA INTO INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
DATA QUALITY AND DATA
GOVERNANCE
• The quality of data within a database is essential if the organization
is to make accurate short and long term business decisions.
• Data Quality can be examined at a number of different levels
including:
– Accuracy
• Is the data accurate and come from a verifiable source?
– Relevance
• Is the data relevant to the organisation?
– Completeness
• Is the required data being stored?
– Timeliness
• Is the data updated frequently in order to meet the business
requirements?
DATA QUALITY AND DATA GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED)

• Data Quality
– Uniqueness: Is the data unique and there
is no redundancy in the database?
– Unambiguous: Is the meaning of the data
clear.
DATA QUALITY AND DATA GOVERNANCE (CONTINUED)

• Data governance is the term used to describe


a strategy or methodology defined by an
organisation to safeguard data quality.
• Each organisation produces its own data
governance strategy which will involve the
development of a series of policies and
procedures for managing availability,
usability, quality, integrity, and security of data
within the organisation.
INTRODUCING THE DATABASE
AND THE DBMS

• Database— is a shared, integrated computer


structure that stores:
– End user data or raw of facts on interest to
the end user
– Metadata or data about data
INTRODUCING THE DATABASE AND THE DBMS (CONTINUED)

• DBMS (database management system):


– Is a collection of programs that manages
database structure and controls access to
data
– Through DBMS its possible to share data
among multiple applications or users
– It makes data management more efficient
and effective
ROLE AND ADVANTAGES OF THE DBMS (CONTINUED)
INTRODUCING THE DATABASE AND
THE DBMS (CONTINUED)
• Advantages of DBMS
– Improved data sharing: Create an environment in which end users
have better access to more and better-managed data
– Better data integration: Wider access to well managed data
promotes an integrated view of organization’s operations and a
clearer view of the big pictures. It becomes much easier to see how
actions in one segment of the company affect other segments.
– Minimised data inconsistency: data inconsistency exist when
different versions of the same data appear in different places.
– Improved data access: DBMS makes it possible to produce quick
answers to ad hoc queries.
– Improved decision making: Better managed data and improved
data access make it possible to generate better quality information,
on which better decision are based.
– Increased end-user productivity: The availability of data,
combined with tools that transform data into usable information,
empowers end users to make quick, informed decisions that can be
the difference between success and failure in the global economy.
TYPES OF DATABASES
• Single-user
– Supports only one user at a
time
• Desktop
– Single-user database running
on a personal computer
TYPES OF DATABASES
• Multi-user
– Supports multiple users at the same time
TYPES OF DATABASES (CONTINUED)
• Workgroup
– Multi-user database that supports a small
group of users or a single department
• Enterprise
– Multi-user database that supports a large
group of users or an entire organization
TYPES OF DATABASES (CONTINUED)
• Centralised
– Supports data located at a single site
• Distributed database
– Supports data distributed across several
sites
TYPES OF DATABASES (CONTINUED)
• OLTP (Online transaction processing) vs data
warehouse
• OLTP
– Supports a company’s day-to-day operations
• Data warehouse
– Stores data used to generate information
required to make tactical or strategic
decisions
– It is often used to store historical data
– Structure is quite different
WHY DATABASE DESIGN IS IMPORTANT

• Database design
– refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database
structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data
– Its defines the database’s expected use
• Different approaches are needed for different types of databases
• Avoid redundant data – exits when the same data are stored
unnecessarily at different places.
• A good database – that is, a database that meets all user
requirements – does not just happen its structure must be
designed carefully.
• Poorly designed database generates errors  leads to bad
decisions  can lead to failure of organization
SUMMARY
• Data are raw facts. Information is the result of
processing data to reveal its meaning.
• To implement and manage a database, use a DBMS.
• Database design defines the database structure.
• A well-designed database facilitates data
management and generates accurate and valuable
information.
• A poorly designed database can lead to bad decision
making, and bad decision making can lead to the
failure of an organization.

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