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Cadev Report (Prenatal Development)

The document summarizes pre-natal development from conception to birth in 3 months intervals. It describes the key stages of germinal period, embryonic period, and fetal period. During germinal period, the zygote undergoes cell division and implants in the uterus. In the embryonic period, the embryo develops organ systems from 3 cell layers. In the fetal period from 2-9 months, the fetus grows dramatically in size and develops features like hair, nails and active movement. The document also outlines common hazards to development like drugs, radiation, infections and malnutrition.

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Mylene Mahinay
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113 views

Cadev Report (Prenatal Development)

The document summarizes pre-natal development from conception to birth in 3 months intervals. It describes the key stages of germinal period, embryonic period, and fetal period. During germinal period, the zygote undergoes cell division and implants in the uterus. In the embryonic period, the embryo develops organ systems from 3 cell layers. In the fetal period from 2-9 months, the fetus grows dramatically in size and develops features like hair, nails and active movement. The document also outlines common hazards to development like drugs, radiation, infections and malnutrition.

Uploaded by

Mylene Mahinay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRE-NATAL

DEVELOPMENT
Learning outcomes:

• Trace the course of the pre-natal developmental process that you went through.
• Explain the most common hazards to pre-natal development.
• Become more appreciative of the gift of life manifested in an anti abortion.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
English Poet, Essayist, 19th Century
“ The history of a man for nine months
preceding his birth would, probably, be
far more interesting, and contain events
of greater moment than all three scores
and ten years that follow it.”
Human Life
begins at
conception
• Human life begins from the
moment of conception
• All that we have and all
that we are have been
there at the moment of
conception
PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT
• Is defined as the process of growth and development within the womb from
fertilization until birth.
• During this process, the zygote grows into an embryo and then a fetus.
The stages of
Pre-natal
Development
1. Germinal Period ( first 2 weeks
after conception)
•The differentiation of cells already begins as
inner and outer layers of the organism are
formed.
•Blastocyst-inner layer of cells that develops
during the germinal period.
•Trophoblast- the outer layer of cells that
develops also during the germinal period, later
provides nutrition and support for the embryo.
Germinal period includes:
A. Creation of zygote
B. Continued cell division
C. Attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall
The following are the details of
development during this period:
A. 24 to 30 hours after fertilization- the male ( sperm) and female (egg) chromosome
unite.
B. 36 hours- the fertilized ovum, zygote, divides into 2 cells.
C. 48 hours ( 2days) – 2 cells become 4 cells
D. 72 hours ( 3days) 4 cells become a small compact ball of 16-32 cells.
E. 96 hours ( 4days) hollow ball of 64-128 cells.
F. 4-5 days- inner cells mass ( blastocyst) still free in the uterus.
G. 6-7 days-blastocyst attaches to the wall of uterus.
H. 11-15 days- blastocyst invades into uterine wall and becomes implanted in it
(implantation)
The stages of Pre-
natal Development
2. Embryonic Period ( 2-8 weeks after
conception)
•In this stage, the name of the mass cells zygote become
embryo.
•As the zygote gets attached to the wall of the uterus, two
layers of cells are formed.
Embryo’s Endoderm – the inner layer of cells develops into
the digestive and respiratory system.
The outer layer of cells is divided into two parts:
1. Ectoderm-outer most layer which becomes the
nervous system, sensory receptors (eyes,ears,nose)
and skin parts (nails, hair).
2. Mesoderm- middle layer which becomes the
circulatory, skeletal, muscular, excretory and
reproductive systems.
Organogenesis-Process of organ formation during the first
two months of pre-natal development.
The stages of Pre-natal Development
• Three layers of the embryo form, the support system for the embryo develop
rapidly. These life-support systems are the following:
1. Placenta- life support system that consist of a disk-shaped group of tissues in
which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not
join.
2. Umbilical cord- contains two arteries and one vein that connects the baby to the
placenta.
3. Amnion- bag or an envelop that contains a clear fluid in which the developing
embryo floats.
All these embryo life-support system develop from the fertilized egg and not from the
mother’s body.
The stages of Pre-natal
Development

3. Fetal Period ( 2
months to 7 months
after conception)
•Growth and development continue
dramatically during this period.
The details of the
developmental process
as follows:
A. 3 months after
conception
• Fetus is about 3 inches long and
weighs about 1 ounce; fetus has
become active, moves its arms and
legs, opens and closes its mouth, and
moves its head; the face forehead,
eyelids, nose, chin can now be
distinguished and also the upper
arms, lower arms, hands and lower
limbs; the genitals can now be
identified as male or female.
The details of the
developmental process
as follows:
B. 4 months after
conception
• Fetus is about 6 inches long and
pre-natal reflexes are stronger;
mother feels arm and leg
movements for the first time.
The details of the
developmental process
as follows:
C. 5 months after
conception
• Fetus is about 12 inches long;
weighs close to a pound;
structures of the skin
(fingernails, toenails) have
formed; fetus is more active.
The details of the
developmental process
as follows:

D. 6 months after
conception
• Fetus is about 14 inches long and
weighs one and half pound; eyes and
eyelids are completely formed; fine
layer of head covers the head;
grasping reflex is present and
irregular movements occur.
The details of the
developmental process
as follows:

E. 7 months after
conception
• Fetus is about 16 inches long and
weighs 3 pounds.
The details of the
developmental process
as follows:

F. 8 and 9 months after


conception
• Fetus grows longer and gains
substantial weight, about 4 pounds.
Teratology and Hazards to Prenatal
Development
•TERATOLOGY- is the field that investigates
the causes of congenital (birth) defects. A
Teratogen is that which causes birth defects.
It comes from the Greek word “ TERA” which
means “MONSTER’
CLUSTERS OF HAZARDS TO PRE-NATAL
DEVELOPMENT
1. Prescription and nonprescription drugs
• These include prescription as well as non-prescription drugs.
2. Psychoactive drugs
• These include nicotine, caffeine and illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine and heroin.
• Fetal Alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during
the mother’s pregnancy.
• Fetal and Neonatal deaths are higher among smoking mothers.
• Maternal heroin addicts deliver smaller than average size babies with more incidence of toxemia,
premature separation placenta, retained placenta, hemorrhaging after birth and breech deliveries.
CLUSTERS OF HAZARDS TO PRE-NATAL
DEVELOPMENT
3. Environmental hazards
• Include radiation in jobsites and X-rays, environmental pollutants, toxic wastes, and prolonged
exposure to heat in saunas and bath tubs.
4. Other Maternal Factors
• Rubella ( German Measles)
• Syphilis genital herpes and AIDS are other teratogens.
A mother can infect her child in 3 ways:
• During gestation across the placenta
• During delivery through contact with maternal blood or fluids
• Postpartum ( after birth) through breast-feeding

-Maternal Malnutrition
-High Anxiety
- Age ( too early or too late, beyond 30)
CLUSTERS OF HAZARDS TO PRE-NATAL
DEVELOPMENT
5. Paternal Factors
• Exposure to lead, radiation, certain chemicals and pesticides. Older fathers also
may place their offspring at risk for certain defects.
Thank you
Reported by:
Kristine Jayne T. Dagwat
Jenine Rae O. Cabote
UNID

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