Internet-of-Things (IoT)

Summer Engineering Program 2018

University of Notre Dame
Course Overview
Lecture Lab
Fundamentals of IoT, basic Basic Python & Raspberry Pi
Week 1 concepts, applications programming

Human-computer interfaces, Sensor programming, control

Week 2 sensing, actuation loops, digital/analog I/O

Fundamentals of computer and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth networks,

Week 3 wireless networks network measurements

Sensor networks, mesh ZigBee, WPANs, WBANs, routing,

Week 4 networks, routing, WPANs network measurements

Processing, IoT cloud, analytics, IoT cloud integration, sensor

Week 5 visualization fusion, analytics, visualization

RFID, IoT ecosystem, security, Final project

Week 6 privacy, ethics, case studies
Administrative Items - Lectures
• Occasional assignments before lectures
• Questions, discussions, etc. encouraged
• One midterm exam (~ 20 minutes)
• One final exam (35-40 minutes)
• Five lab reports (~weekly); summarizing lab
work done that week
Administrative Items - Lab
• Multiple lab exercises
• Start in class, complete on your own
• Teamwork encouraged!
• But everybody needs to develop their own code and
submit a weekly lab report (due Friday midnight via
Sakai)
– Website: schedule, handouts, assignments, etc.
– Sakai: deliverables, scores, etc.
– Piazza: collaboration & discussions
• Limited hardware components; sharing will be
required
What is the Internet-of-Things?
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision
(process)
• Inform user of decision (communicate)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
– What type of sensor?
– Distinguish between parent and child
– Identify reason for leaving home
– Identify other contexts (e.g., store hours)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision
(process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
– What type of sensor?
– Is milk needed?
– No milk or “little” milk? (prediction)
• Use this information to make a decision
(process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision
(process)
– Where is processor?
– What are the rules?
– Fixed rules versus dynamic rules (learning)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
How Does My Fridge Do That?
• You are leaving the home (sense user)
• There’s no milk in fridge (sense object)
• Use this information to make a decision
(process)
• Inform user of decision (notify)
– How?
– When?
– Privacy?
– Subtleness?
– Information overflow?
Internet-of-Things (IoT)

Physical object (“thing”)

+
Controller (“brain”)
+
Sensors
+
Actuators
+
Networks (Internet)
Internet-of-Things (IoT)
Related Areas/Terminology
• Embedded systems: not necessarily
connected
• Sensor networks: collection of sensor devices
connected through wireless channels
• Cyber-physical systems: focus on interaction
between physical and cyber systems
• Real-time systems: focus on time constraints
• Pervasive/ubiquitous computing: focus on
anytime/anywhere computing
Related Areas
• Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications
• Internet of Everything (Cisco Systems)
• “Skynet” (Terminator movie)
“Internet-of-Things”
• Term coined by British entrepreneur Kevin
Ashton, while working at MIT Auto-ID Labs
• Referred to (and envisioning) a future global
network of objects connected specifically by
RFID (radio-frequency identification)
• Complete automation of data collection
• First article about IoT in 2004 from MIT; called
“Internet 0”
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Internet-of-Things Vision & Growth
Cisco Commercial
Augment Existing Things
Augmenting Life With New Things
• Smart City
• Smart Car
• Smart Me (healthcare, fitness, wellness)
Example: Connected Roadways
• US DoT Statistics for 2012:
– 5.6million crashes
– About 31,o00 fatalities (26,500 in EU)
– Over 1.6M injuries
• 1trillion USD in economic loss
• 5.5billion hours of travel delays per year
• CO2 emissions
Example: Connected Roadways
Example: Connected Roadways

State of Self-Driving Car

Example: Connected Factory
Example: Connected Factory
• New product and service introductions faster
• Increasing production, quality, uptime
• Mitigating unplanned downtime
• Protecting from cyber threats
• Worker productivity and safety
Example: Smart & Connected Buildings

• Energy management
• Lighting
• Safety
• HVAC
• Building automation
• Smart spaces
Example: Smart Creatures
Example: Smart Creatures
• IoT-Enabled Roach, NC State University
Example: Fight Poverty
• Try to get more shoppers from Warden Road to
Dharavi in Mumbai
Example: Smart Grid
Example: Smart Homes
Example: Smart Lighting
• Tunable light, 16 million colors
• Activated by smartphone or over Zigbee wireless
• Can serve as alarm clock
• Can synch colors to movies or possibly music

Philips never anticipated

the demand - sold out in 3
months at Apple stores!
Example: Wi-Fi Connected Goal Light
In-Home Automatic Hockey Goal Light
(Budweiser)
Example: Smart Corks
SmartCorq: allows wine producers and
consumers to have greater assurance of the quality
and provenance of each bottle of wine
• Bottling date
• Grape type
• Alcohol percentage
• and more…
More Smarts
• Smart bathroom cabinet for medicine
• Smart refrigerator
• Smart toilet
• Smart history (in museums)
• Smart health (sensors in running shoes)
• Smart buying (beacons)
• Smart shirt (seal wounds)
• Smart helmet (detect concussion)
• …
Enablers: Portability
• Reducing the size of hardware to enable the
creation of computers that could be physically
moved around relatively easily
Enablers: Miniaturization
• Creating new and significantly smaller mobile
form factors that allowed the use of personal
mobile devices while on the move
Enablers: Low Power and Low Heat
• Low power architectures
• Low power radios
• Sleep modes
• Energy harvesting
Enablers: Connectivity
• Developing devices and applications that allowed
users to be online and communicate via wireless
data networks while on the move
Enablers: Convergence
• Integrating emerging types of digital mobile
devices, such as Personal Digital Assistants
(PDAs), mobile phones, music players, cameras,
games, etc., into hybrid devices
Enablers: Divergence
• Opposite approach to interaction design by
promoting information appliances with
specialized functionality rather than generalized
ones
Enablers: Ecosystems
• The emerging wave of digital ecosystems is
about the larger wholes of pervasive and
interrelated technologies that interactive mobile
systems are increasingly becoming a part of
Example: Smartphone
• Portability: carry it anywhere you want
• Miniaturization: make it possible to build device
to fit in your pocket
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi, LTE/4G, cellular, Bluetooth
• Convergence: phone, camera, gaming device,
movie streaming, music player, …
• Digital Ecosystem: cloud, social networks,
software development kits, app stores, big data,
standardization …
IoT Issues & Challenges
Coke Commercial
Reaction to Commercial
• One Perspective
“Coke commercial about security cameras was so cool.
Let's look at the world a little differently. Going to drink
a coke in honor.”
• Another Perspective
“Ad full of hidden security-cam moments: Coke proudly
proclaims itself official soft drink of the security state.”
BREAK