Science Tecchnology

and Society
MST 112

Loren Marie L. Acebo

Subject Teacher
 Science and
Technology and Nation
Building
Week 2 ( Lesson 1.1 )
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the student will be able to:
 Explain the Brief Historical Background of Science
and Technology in the Philippines.
 Appreciate the Filipino Presidents and their
Contributions in the Development of Science and
Technology in the Philippines Philippines.
Brief Historical Background
of Science and Technology
in the Philippines
Pre – Colonial Period
Even before the Spain colonized the country, some
indigenousscience and technology has already existed with regards
to agriculture like :
• farming,
• animal raising, and
• the utilization of plants and herbs as medicines

The use of technology is evident in the

• handicrafts,
• pottery,
• weaving, and
• tools used by ancient Filipinos in their everyday life
 Innovation and ingenuity were
unmistakable by the way native Filipinos
built the rice terraces by hand.
 They also developed tools for planting,
hunting, cooking, fishing, and also for fighting
enemies during tribal conflicts.
They used indigenous technology in building
houses, irrigations and transportation, both
on land and on waterways.
The ancient practices in science and technology
by our ancestors are now considered as
indigenous science or folk science.
 Colonial Period
Spanish colonization paved way to modern means of construction.
Roads, bridges, churches, and other large infrastructures were
built with more sophistication using some engineering skills and
tools brought by the Spaniards.
 In addition, Spanish colonizers developed health and
education system in the country. The American colonial rule
modernized almost all aspects of life in the country. They
established the Bureau of Science to initiate the
development in the field of science and technology.
 Post – Colonial Period
After achieving independence from the colonial masters, the Philippines, under different
administrations, continued to pursue programs in science and technology. Each
leadership had its own S&T agenda. However, it is important to note that some
Philippine presidents introduced more developments in the field than others, which
you will find out soon as you course through this topic.
 Filipino Presidents and their Contributions in the
Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines
Philippine Presidents and the Status of Science
&Technology during their administration
 Pres. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 - 1961)
• lack of support of experimental work
• marginal budget for scientific research
• low salaries of scientists employed by the government
• established the National Science Development Board
 Pres. Ferdinand Marcos (1965 - 1986)
• directed the Department of Education to revitalize the science courses in public high schools
• channelled additional funds to support projects in applied sciences and science education
• he proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of the Philippine Science Community
• scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science scholars, and workshops on fisheries and
oceanography
• added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB to modernize the coconut industry.
 Pres. Corazon Aquino (1986 - 1992)
• National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology
• science and technology's role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted
• created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology which came up with the first Science
and Technology Master Plan or STMP
• gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving financial aid, patent
• application assistance, legal assistance, and to help inventors market their products domestically and
abroad
• R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free education up to the
secondary level
• “Science for the Masses Program” which aimed at scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos.
 Pres. Fidel V. Ramos (1992 - 1998)
• significant increase in personnel specializing in the science and technology field
• addition of Philippine Science High Schools in Visayas and Mindanao
• government provided 3,500 scholarships for students who were taking up professions related to S&T
• Priority for S&T personnel increased when Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (Republic
Act No. 8439) was established
• award was published in order to give incentives and rewards for people who have been influential in the
field of S&T (Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act or Republic Act No. 7459)
 Pres. Joseph Estrada (1998 - 2001)
• launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective irrigation technologies
• establishment of one science high school in every province
• advancement of industries and schools into the Internet age, passage of the e-Commerce Act
 Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001 - 2010)
• the science and technology sector of the Philippines was dubbed as the "golden age“ during her term
• Numerous laws and projects that concerns both the environment and science to push technology as
a tool to increase the country's economic level
• the term "Filipinnovation" was the coined term used in helping the Philippines to be an innovation
hub in Asia
• Science Technology and Innovations (STI) was developed further by strengthening the schools and
education system such as the Philippine Science
• High School (PSHS), which focuses in science, technology and mathematics in their curriculum
• emposes Republic Act 10601 which improves the Agriculture and Fisheries Sector
throughMechanization (AFMech)
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
.
Here is a list of some Filipino scientists and inventors, together with their
contributions in shaping the science and technology of the Filipino
nation.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Dr. Arturo Alcaraz is a
volcanologist specializing in
geothermal energy
development. In 1967, Arturo
Alcaraz and team powered an
electric light bulb using steam-
powered electricity. This was the
first geothermal power
generated in the Philippines.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Julian Banzon (1908 - 1988)
• Filipino chemist, Julian Banzon
researched methods of
producing alternative fuels.
Julian Banzon experimented with
the production of ethyl esters
fuels from sugarcane and
coconut.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions

• Pedro Escuro (1923 - ) Filipino

scientist, Pedro Escuro is best
known for his isolation of nine
rice varieties, thus was renowned
by developing rice breeding in
the country. The Pedro Escuro
rice varieties are: Milpal 4, HBD-
2, Azmil 26 and C-22 and C-18,
C4-63, C4-137, C-168 and C-12.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Dr. Francisco Fronda (1896 -
1986)
• Dr. Francisco Fronda is known as
the Father of poultry science in
the Philippines. Francisco Fronda
has improved methods of
production for the poultry and
livestock
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Felix Maramba
• Felix Maramba built a coconut
oil-fueled power generator. He
also is the developer of one of
the world's most profitable
biogas systems.
•
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Luz Oliveros Belardo (1906 -
1999)
• Filipino chemist, Luz Oliveros
Belardo researched the
phytochemical properties of
plants in the Philippines for
natural products, essential oils,
and the medicinal qualities.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Emerita De Guzman
• Filipino scientist Emerita De Guzman
researched the propagation of pure
macapuno trees. Her research led to
the faster propagation of pure
macapuno trees and increased
macapuno nut production from 3-5
macapuno nuts to 14-19 nuts
(1980). She also invented tissue
culture techniques for the rapid
propagation of abaca and banana
plants.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Dr. Fe Del Mundo (1911 - 2011)
• Filipino doctor, Fe Del Mundo is
credited with studies that lead to
the invention of an improved
incubator and a jaundice
relieving device.
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
• Gregorio Zara (1902 - 1978)
• Famous Filipino Scientist, Gregorio
Zara invented, made improvements to,
or discovered the following: invented
the twoway television telephone or
videophone (1955) patented as a
"photo phone signal separator
network"; discovered the physical law
of electrical kinetic resistance called
the Zara effect (around 1930); invented
an airplane engine that ran on plain
alcohol as fuel (1952).
EVALUATION:
This activity is meant for you to revisit our country’s rich historical background on its journey to scientific and technological
progress. Choose one period to elaborate the development of S&T in each period and its contributions and implications to the
present society. Complete the table below.

a. Early Filipino/ Pre – colonial period

b. Spanish Colonization
c. American Regime
d. Japanese Colonization
e. Post – colonial Period

Period State of Contributionof the Science cultureand Implications ofS&T

S&Tduring period inthe practices/Society’s and scienceculture
theperiod developmentof S&T normsduring the of eachperiod to
period thepresent
 THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING
AND TO YOUR
TIME GOD
BLESS EVERY
ONE!