PREPARE AND I

NTERPRET TEC
HINICAL DRAWI
NG
Prepared by: Berlin C. Alcayde
PREPARING AND
INTERPRETING T
ECHINICAL DRAW
ING USED IN ELE
CTRONICS
Prepared by: Berlin C. Alcayde
Learning Outcome 1: Identity Electronics Co
mponents
Information 1.1 Types and Function of Electronics
Components
CAPACITOR
 A capacitor contain two or more conducting
plates separated from each other by good
insulating material called dielectric.

Examples of dielectric
materials: mica, paper,
mylar, electrolytic,
ceramic
Learning Outcome 1: Identity Electronics Co
mponents
Information 1.1 Types and Function of Electronics
Components
CAPACITOR
 Other name or old name of capacitor is condenser.

 Basically, capacitor is an electronics device used

to store electrical energy.
Learning Outcome 1: Identity Electronics Co
mponents
Information 1.1 Types and Function of Electronics
Components
CAPACITOR
 The component is designed intentionally to have
a definite amount of capacitance. The symbol of
capacitance is capital letter “C”.
 This capacitance is a property that exists
whenever insulating material permits the storage
of electricity.
 It is measured in Farad (F) micro Farad (uF),
nano Farad (nF), and picoFarad (pF).
Characteristics of Capacitor

1. It can store electric charge

even though the voltage
source is already
disconnected.
Characteristics of Capacitor

2. It can discharge
electrical voltages.
Characteristics of Capacitor

3. A capacitor blocks
the flow of DC and
allows AC.
 Classification of Capacitor
1. Non-Polarized Capacitor
 A capacitor without positive and negative
indicators on its terminal.
 It can be connected any way in the
circuit.
Electronic Symbol
Example:
 Ceramic
 Mica
 Mylar
 Some electrolytic
capacitor
 Classification of Capacitor
2. Polarized Capacitor
 A capacitor with positive and negative
indicators on its terminal.
 It must be connected the correct way
round in the circuit.
Electronic Symbol
Example:
 Electrolytic
 Tantalum
 Other Classification of Capacitor
1. Fixed Capacitor
 A capacitor with a definite or allotted
capacitance value.
Example:
 Electrolytic
 Tantalum
 Ceramic
 Mica
 Mylar
 Some electrolytic
capacitor
 Other Classification of Capacitor
2. Variable Capacitor
 A capacitor whose capacitance can be
varied.

Example:
 Trimmer Capacitor

 Tuning or Air-core
capacitor
 Types of Capacitors
1. Electrolytic
 Made of electrolyte,
basically conductive
salt in solvent.

 Aluminum electrodes are used by using a

thin oxidation membrane.
 Aluminum electrodes are used by using a
thin oxidation membrane. Most common
type, polarized capacitor.
 TYPES OF CAPACITORS
1. Electrolytic
Applications:
 Ripple filters
 Timing circuits
Advantage:
 Cheap
 Readily available

TYPES
Good OF CAPACITORS
for storage of
charge
 Types of Capacitors
1. Electrolytic
Disadvantage:
 Not very accurate
 Marginal electrical
properties
 Leakage
 Drifting
 Not suitable for use
in high frequency(hf)
circuits
 Types of Capacitors
1. Electrolytic
Remember:
 It will explode if the
rated voltage is
exceeded or polarity
is reversed, so be
careful.
 Types of Capacitors
2. Ceramic
Constructed with
materials such as
titanium acid barium
for dielectric. A non
polar capacitor.

Applications:
 Bypass high
frequency signals to
ground
 Types of Capacitors
2. Ceramic
Advantage:
 Cheap
 Readily available
 Reliable

Disadvantage:
 Subject to drifting
depending on
ambient
temperature
 Types of Capacitors
3. Mylar or Polyester film
It uses thin polyester
film for dielectric. A
non polar capacitor.
Applications:
 Circuits where the
capacitor needs to
handle high peak
current levels
 Types of Capacitors
3. Mylar or Polyester film
Applications:
 General coupling
and decoupling
applications and DC
blocking.
 Filtering, where high
tolerance levels are
not required.
 Audio applications
 Types of Capacitors
3. Mylar or Polyester film
Applications:
 Power supplies
where the very high
capacitance levels of
electrolytic
capacitors are not
needed
 Types of Capacitors
3. Mylar or Polyester film
Advantage:
 Cheap
 Readily available
 Temperature stable
 Tolerance is
approximately 5% to
10%
 Types of Capacitors
4. Tantalum
Made of Tantalum
Pentoxide.
It is an electrolytic
capacitor but used with
a material called
tantalum for electrodes.

Tantalum are polarized

so watch the ‘+’ and ‘-’
indicators.
 Types of Capacitors
4. Tantalum
Applications:
 Used in analog signal
systems because of
the lack of current-
spike-noise.
 Types of Capacitors
4. Tantalum
Advantage:
 Small size fits
anywhere
 Most common values
readily available
 Reliable
 Types of Capacitors
4. Tantalum
Disadvantage:
 Expensive
 Easily damaged by
spikes
 Large values exist
but may be hard to
obtain
 Types of Capacitors
5. Super Capacitor
Supercap or Ultracapacitor technology that
can be used the most widely adopted is
known as the double-layer capacitor, DLC.
This form of the technology is carbon-based
and it has an organic electrolyte that is easy
to manufacture.
 Types of Capacitors
5. Super Capacitor
Supercap or Ultracapacitor is also polarized
so exercise caution in regards to breakdown
voltage.
Care must be taken when using this capacitor.
Without precautions, it would destroy part of
a power supply such as the bridge rectifier or
regulator.
 Types of Capacitors
5. Super Capacitor
Applications:
 Use in memory battery back-up
 Used in UPS, Uninterruptible Power
Supply systems
 Used in tandem with a complementary
power source
 Types of Capacitors
6. Metalized Polyester Film
 The dielectric is made of Metal Oxide.
 Good quality, low drift, temperature stable.

 The electrodes are thin, so they can be very

small.
 Good all around
capacitor.
 Types of Capacitors
7. Silver Mica
 Mica is used as a dielectric.
Applications:
 Used in resonance
circuit
 Frequency filters
 RF Oscillators
 Coupling and
Decoupling
 Types of Capacitors
7. Silver Mica

Advantage:
 Highly stable
 Good temperature
coefficient
 Excellent for
endurance
 Types of Capacitors
7. Silver Mica

Disadvantage:
 No large values
 Expensive
 Types of Capacitors
8. Adjustable capacitor
 Also called trimmer capacitor or variable
capacitor.
 It uses ceramic or plastic as a dielectric.
 Most of them are color coded to easily recognize
their tunable size.
 The ceramic type has the
value printed on them.
 Colors are: Yellow(5pf),
Blue(6pf), White(10pf),
Green(30pf), Brown(60pf)
 Types of Capacitors
9. Tuning or Air-core Capacitor
 It used the surrounding air as a dielectric.
 This usually have more (air) capacitors
combined(ganged).
 When the axel is
turned, the
capacitance of all of
them changes
simultaneously.
 Capacitor Application

1. Blocking
 Capacitor Application
2. Coupling
 Capacitor Application
3. Decoupling
 Capacitor Application
4. Bypassing
 Capacitor Application
5. Frequency Discrimination
 Capacitor Application
6. Timing
 Capacitor Application
7. Transient Voltage Suppression
 Capacitor Application
8. Energy Storage
 Capacitor Application
9. Arc Suppression
 Capacitor Application
10. Power Factor Correction
 Capacitor Reading
Electrolytic Capacitor

The positive(+) lead is usually

longer than the negative(-) one.
 Capacitor Reading
Conversion rate of units
 1 Farad = 1,000 milliFarad (mF)
 1 Farad = 1,000,000 microFarad (µF)
 1 Farad = 1,000,000,000 nanoFarad (nF)
 1 Farad = 1,000,000,000,000 picoFarad (pF)
 Capacitor Reading
Mylar Capacitor

3 zeros

For microfarad move the decimal

point six places to the left.
 Capacitor Reading
Ceramic Capacitor
 Capacitor Connection
Capacitor in Series
Note:with the capacitor connection
Be careful
C1
+
10 µF
InFrom
the+series
to – or capacitance
– to + series
- connection, the rated voltage
Ct
+ How to get the total capacitance in
C2 100 µF of each capacitor
series?will add to
-
the voltage ratings of the total
Remember:
capacitance. For instance, if
From the example
If capacitor(
each the capacitorfromarethein
series, has
example) the apossible
rating ofvalue
16 is
lessthe
volts, thetotal
smallest value
voltage will of
be
10 100
the series capacitors.
32 volts.
9.09 µF
 Capacitor Connection
Capacitor in Series with the same capacitance
value

+ How to get the total capacitance in

C1
-
100 µF series with the same value?
+
Ct C2 100 µF For two capacitor
-
+ Ct = C/2
C3 100 µF
- For three capacitor
Ct = C/3
Where: For more than three
C = capacitors(equal value) capacitor
n = number of capacitor Ct = C/n
Ct = Total capacitance
 Capacitor Connection
Capacitor in Series with the same capacitance
value
Examples:
Given:
Two capacitor Three capacitor If more than three
C = 100 µF C = 100 µF capacitor
Ct = C/2 Ct = C/3 Example:
Ct = 100/2 Ct = 100/3 5 capacitor
Ct = 50 µF Ct = 33.33 µF C = 100 µF
Ct = C/n
Ct = 100/5
Ct = 20 µF
 Capacitor Connection
Capacitor in Parallel
Be careful with the capacitor connection
+ + From + to + and - to - parallel
Ct C1 10 µF C2 100 µF
- -
How to get the total capacitance in
parallel?
From the example
Parallel Capacitances
Ct = C1 + C2
Ct = C1 + C2 + ……
Ct = 10 + 100
Where: Ct = total Capacitance
Ct = 110 µF
Capacitor Troubles

1. Open

2. Short

3. Leaky
Capacitor Troubles

1. Open

 The capacitor shows

no further charging
action but just reads
very high or
infinite(∞)
resistance.
Capacitor Troubles

2. Short

 The ohmmeter
reading immediately
goes to zero and stay
there.
Capacitors Troubles

3. Leaky

 The capacitor shows

charging, but the
final resistance
reading is
appreciably less than
normal.
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor

1. Discharge the energy

stored on the capacitor.

Remember: Do not
discharge large value
capacitor with your
screwdriver or pliers.
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Charging and Discahging a Capacitor
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor
2. Set the multi-tester to
ohmmeter range.

Suggested Value Ohmmeter Range

0.01µF to 1µF R – X10K
1µF to 47µF R – X1K
47µF to 1000µF R – X10
1000µF and above R – X1
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor
3. Connect the positive probe to the capacitor
negative lead and the negative probe to positive
lead.
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor
Good Capacitor
A good capacitor, the pointer will deflect, and
then move back to it’s original position.
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor
Defective capacitor
1. OPEN – the tester pointer won’t deflect at all.
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor
Defective capacitor
2. SHORTED – the tester pointer will rest on the
zero ohm scale.
Testing Capacitors with an Ohmmeter VOM
or Multi-tester
Procedures in testing a capacitor
Defective capacitor
3. LEAKY – the tester pointer deflect toward the
right position but does not return to it’s initial
position or remain stationary.
Thank you!
Presented by:
Berlin C. Alcayde