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Mathematical Geophysics: Application of Fourier Transform in Geophysics

This document discusses the application of Fourier transforms in geophysics, specifically focusing on filtering. Filtering is described as a basic operation used in geophysics to remove unwanted noise or signals from time series and spatial series data. Different types of filters are explained, including low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject filters. Filtering can be used to separate regional and residual fields in potential field data. Wavenumber is also introduced as it relates to spatial data filtering. In summary, filtering is a data processing tool used to remove unwanted signals while enhancing useful signals, and it can aid in potential field data interpretation.

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Amin Khalil
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72 views

Mathematical Geophysics: Application of Fourier Transform in Geophysics

This document discusses the application of Fourier transforms in geophysics, specifically focusing on filtering. Filtering is described as a basic operation used in geophysics to remove unwanted noise or signals from time series and spatial series data. Different types of filters are explained, including low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject filters. Filtering can be used to separate regional and residual fields in potential field data. Wavenumber is also introduced as it relates to spatial data filtering. In summary, filtering is a data processing tool used to remove unwanted signals while enhancing useful signals, and it can aid in potential field data interpretation.

Uploaded by

Amin Khalil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical

Geophysics
A P P L I C AT I O N O F F O U R I E R
TRANSFORM IN GEOPHYSICS

PROF AMIN KHALIL


Filtering • Filtering is one of the basic operations conducted in
Geophysics. It is applied for both time series (such as
seismic and GPR) and spatial series (for example potential
field data)

• Filtering is applied to remove part of the data. This part


could be a noise or unwanted signals

• In seismic, the earth acts as a low pass filter

• The difference is distance for a phase may cause different


frequency content.

• Hence, possibly useful for the removal of unwanted signal.


Filtering
• It can also be applied to potential field
data. The process can be used to perform
separation between regional and residual
fields. It may also help in the separation
of the effects of different sources.
Types of Filters
Types of Filters

1 2 3 4
Low pass filter  remove High pass filter  remove Band pass filter  maintain Band reject filter  it the
high frequency energy low frequency content content at certain frequency opposite to band pass filter
above certain corner below certain corner band defined by beginning
frequency. frequency and ending frequencies
while removing the contents
outsite
Low pass
filter
High pass filter
Band
pass
filter
Filtering
for
potential
data
Spatial
For spatial data such as gravity and magnetic,
the wavenumber is analogous to frequency in
time series transform.

data Wavenumber is the inverse to wavelength

It can be defined as the number of complete


wavelengths in unit length

Small shallow bodies is characterized by high


wavenumber, while deep large bodies have
smaller wavelengths
Wavenumber
Filter and Filter and convolution are the
convolution same process

Convolution is a blending of two


signals to produce a new signal.

Filtering is also blending of the


original signal with the filtering
signal to enhance the signal
Summary Filtering is a process that can be described
as a data processing tool to remove the
unwanted signal while enhancing the useful
signal.

Filtering and convolution processes are the


same

Filtering can be used for interpretation


purposes especially in potential field data.

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