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Module 1 and Module 2

This document discusses modules for the ECE2004 course. The 8 modules cover topics like transmission lines, Smith charts, impedance matching, waveguides, planar transmission lines, and electromagnetic interference. It also lists textbooks and reference books for the course. The evaluation criteria includes two continuous assessment tests, digital assignments/quizzes, and a final assessment test. The document then provides an introduction to transmission lines, defining them and describing different types like parallel lines, coaxial cables, waveguides, and microstrip lines. It also discusses transmission line theory, the electromagnetic spectrum, and provides examples of transmission line analysis.

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Vijay Reddy
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views

Module 1 and Module 2

This document discusses modules for the ECE2004 course. The 8 modules cover topics like transmission lines, Smith charts, impedance matching, waveguides, planar transmission lines, and electromagnetic interference. It also lists textbooks and reference books for the course. The evaluation criteria includes two continuous assessment tests, digital assignments/quizzes, and a final assessment test. The document then provides an introduction to transmission lines, defining them and describing different types like parallel lines, coaxial cables, waveguides, and microstrip lines. It also discusses transmission line theory, the electromagnetic spectrum, and provides examples of transmission line analysis.

Uploaded by

Vijay Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE2004- Modules

Module:1 Introduction
 
Module:2 Lossy and Loss less Transmission line

Module:3 Smith Chart:

Module:4 Impedance matching:


 
Module:5 Waveguides :
 
Module:6 Planar transmission lines:
 
Module:7 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI):
 
Module:8 Contemporary Issues
Books
 Text Book
1. David M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley2003.

Reference Books
◦ 1. Samuel Y Liao, “Microwave devices and circuits”, Pearson education,
2003
◦ 2. Robert C Newman, “ Broadband Communication”, PH International,
2002
◦ 3. David K. Cheng, “Field and Wave Electromagnetics”, 2014, 2e,
Pearson, Noida, India.
◦ 4. Jordon and Balmain, “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems”,
2011, 2e, PHI, New York, USA.
Mode of Evaluation:
Continuous Assessment Test –I (CAT-I), 30 (15)

Continuous Assessment Test –II (CAT-II),30 (15)

Digital Assignments/ Quiz -30

Final Assessment Test (FAT). (40)


Introduction to transmission lines
What is a Transmission Line?
The transmision line is a structure which
can transport electrical energy from one
point to another.
Types of transmission lines.
Parallel lines, Co-axail cables,
Waveguides, Microstrip line
More definitions
 A transmissionline is the conductive connection between
system elements that carry signal power

 A transmission line is a specialized cable designed to carry


alternating current of radio frequency

 Transmission lines are used for connecting radio transmitters


and receivers with their antennas, distributing cable television
signals, and computer network connections
Types of Transmission lines
1. Parallel lines and Co-axial cables

Coaxial cable (coax)

 Has two conductors running parallel


 Good conduction at lower frequency upto 3 GHz.
 Becomes lossy at high frequency
(central conductor reactance increases with freq.)
 Can handle low or moderate amounts of power
Mode of propagation is TEM
Application in electricity transmission and LAN and telephone
Some more types of Two Wire

Ribbon type Twisted type


II. Wave guides Has a single hollow metal pipe
 Can propagate a signal only at high frequency
 Has signal distortion, even in the lossless case
 Immune to interference
 Can handle large amounts of power
 Has low loss (compared with a transmission line)
 modes of propagation TEM, TE, TM

Television broadcast
and satellite
II. Microstrip line

Mobile phone circuits

Consists of a dielectric substrate


having ground plane on one side
and a thin metallic strip on the other side
•This line is usually found in printed circuit boards
at high frequencies
• Mode of propagation quasi TEM mode

PCB transmission line


Electromagnetic Spectrum and Cables

Parallel line and Wave Guides Optical fibre


co-axial cables and Microstrips
Transmission-Line Theory
Transmission –line Theory
 Key difference between circuit theory and transmission
line theory - Electrical size

 Circuittheory assumes that the physical dimensions of a


network are much smaller than the electrical wavelength

 Transmission lines may be a considerable fraction of a


wavelength, or many wavelengths, in size

 Transmission line is a distributed parameter network,


where voltages and currents can vary in magnitude and
phase over its length
Transmission-Line Theory
(Lump and distributed parameter)
 Lumped circuits: resistors, capacitors, inductors

neglect time delays (phase)

 Distributed circuit elements: transmission lines


account for propagation and
time delays (phase change)
Transit time effect becomes important when the length
of the line becomes comparable to the wavelength.

We need transmission-line theory whenever the length of


a line is significant compared with a wavelength.
Transit time in transmission line
LUMPED CIRCUIT MODEL of Tx-line
H
I I + DI I I + DI
+ + + +

E
V V + DV V V + DV
H
I I + DI I I + DI
- - - -

L represents total self inductance of the two conductors


C represents shunt capacitance due to the close proximity
of the two conductors
R represents the resistance due to the finite conductivity
of the conductors
G represents the shunt conductance due to dielectric loss
in the material between the conductors
Equivalent circuit of Transmission Lines
The existence of an inductance, capacitance, resistance
and conductance (per unit length) allows us to represent
the transmission line by an equivalent circuit
Infinitesimal length of transmission line is represented by the same
combination of 4 components
Transmission line with distributed parameters at high
frequency
Unit cell of a transmission line
i(z,t) RDz LDz i(z+Δz,t)

+ +

v(z,t) G Dz CDz v(z+Δz,t)

- -
z

4 per-unit-length parameters:

C = capacitance/length [F/m]
L = inductance/length [H/m]
R = resistance/length [/m] Dz
G = conductance/length [ /m or S/m]
Telegrapher’s equations
Excerise 1
Excerise -2
Lossless line Analysis
Terminated lossless line
Transmission line input impedance

(Dividing by (cos βl)


Special cases of transmission lines
1. Terminated in short circuit:
2. Terminated in Open circuit:
3. Quarter-wave Transformer:
Lossy line Analysis:
Lossy terminated line:
Impedance of lossy line
Power analysis of transmission lone
Input Power to the transmission line (Pin) at Z=-l

Power delivered to the load (Pin) at Z=0


Gerenator and load mismatches
Exercise 3
Excerise:4
Power delivered to the load
For lossless Pin =PL

Less Hence, calculation Zin ,


Or
Method 2: Appling maximum power transfer theorem

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