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National Institute of Technology: Waste Segregation System

The document presents a waste segregation system developed by students at the National Institute of Technology in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses the importance of proper waste segregation for recycling. It then describes some of the key problems with waste segregation like health issues, environmental pollution, and high costs. Next, it proposes both high-level, moderate-level, and basic-level automatic waste segregation systems that utilize various sensors and technologies to efficiently separate waste. It emphasizes applying the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle for effective waste management.

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Antrakrate Gupta
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55 views

National Institute of Technology: Waste Segregation System

The document presents a waste segregation system developed by students at the National Institute of Technology in Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses the importance of proper waste segregation for recycling. It then describes some of the key problems with waste segregation like health issues, environmental pollution, and high costs. Next, it proposes both high-level, moderate-level, and basic-level automatic waste segregation systems that utilize various sensors and technologies to efficiently separate waste. It emphasizes applying the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle for effective waste management.

Uploaded by

Antrakrate Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Andhra Pradesh
EPICS
(Powerpoint Presentation)

WASTE SEGREGATION SYSTEM

L.Akhil Naik, 811512


Antrakrate Gupta, 811704
Aaditya Anand, 811701
Q: What is waste segregation?

• "Waste segregation" means dividing waste into dry


and wet.
o Dry waste includes wood and related products, met
als and glass.
o Wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually
generated by eating establishments and are heavy i
n weight due to dampness.
Introduction:-
• Waste Segregation has become more complex than it was
a few years back - it is no longer just paper, plastic, and gl
ass but it contains multi-layer packaging and other compo
site waste as well.
• Recycling can only take place when waste is segregated. A
s the amount of waste keeps increasing the number of pe
ople who work in this sector needs to increase.
• To segregate waste efficiently, companies have developed
machines and sensors which properly segregate waste.
Introduction contd :-
• Technology has been used in waste segregation since the 19
90’s.
o Near InfraRed (NIR) technology works on the principle of me
asuring the reflectivity of an object with light ranging from 1,
100-2,100 nanometres.
 In this wavelength range, materials such as plastics, paper, a
nd textiles have their own characteristics.
 These systems can distinguish between the different types o
f plastics, and even segregate tetra packs and composite was
te properly.
 However, dark materials, stone, and porcelain cannot be sor
ted with this as they do not have measurable characteristics
in this wavelength range.
Problems of waste segregation:-

Costly
Health problems
 Environmental degradation
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Air pollution
 Ethical problems
Unscientific treatment
Problems:-
1) Expensive:-
It costs Rs.2000 to Rs.8000 per month for residential
trash and garbage collection services. You can get any
where from a 75 Liter container up to a 370 Liter bin.
And also loss of nation’s resources and economy.
2) Health:-
Improper disposal of waste can greatly affect the hea
lth of the population living nearby the polluted area
or landfills. Exposure to improperly handled wastes c
an cause skin irritations, blood infections, respiratory
problems, growth problems, and even reproductive is
sues.
3)Environmental degradation:-
Most landfills lack proper on-site waste management ther
eby contributing to additional threats to the environment.
In the long-term, landfills leak and pollute ground water a
nd other neighboring environmental habitats making wast
e management very difficult. They also give off potentially
unsafe gases.
4)Water pollution:-
Because surface waters collect in low-lying areas, anythin
g that is dropped or blown into a watershed can eventuall
y reach a drainageway. In urban areas, trash and litter (ge
neral terms for dry solid waste) often are transported by s
tormwater runoff. ... Regardless of source or type, trash is
a form of water pollution .
5)Soil pollution:-
The principal sources of soil pollution include industrial activ
ity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste. The
most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbo
ns, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene
and benzo(a)pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead and other he
avy metals.
6)Air pollution:-
It is caused by the mismanagement of solid waste from hum
an & their activities, waste collectors and waste disposal con
tractors. The effects of this type of pollution is the spread of
harmful bacteria in the surroundings, as well as obnoxious o
dours which will also end up as air pollution.
Some Suggestions as Solutions for Waste Segregati
on:-
Automatic Waste Segregator System

Based on level of complexity in setup and use, we ca


n classify few models of automatic waste segregator i
nto 4 types:-

1) High level
2) Moderate level
3) Basic level
Also, we must imply motto of 3 R’s-
Reduce Recycle Reuse
High level:-
Mechanically desgins integrated with IOT Automatic waste
segregator and sorting system.

Moderate level:-
lOT based Automated waste segregator for efficient recycli
ng.

Basic level:-
Bin garbage sorting system for recycling.
1) High level:-
Mechanically desgins integrated with IOT Automatic was
te segregator and sorting system.
Trommel separators/drum screens:-
Separate materials depending on their particle size using a p
erforated screen on the drum, allowing only some items to p
ass through.
Eddy current separator:-
It is an electromagnetic way of dividing ferrous and non-ferro
us metals
Induction sorting:-
Material is sent along a conveyor belt with a series of sensors
underneath which locate different types of metal. The metal
is then separated by fast air jets linked to the sensors.
Near infrared sensors (NIR):-
When materials are illuminated they mostly reflect light in
the near infrared wavelength spectrum. The NIR sensor ca
n distinguish between different materials based on the wa
y they reflect light.
X-rays:-
It can be used to distinguish between different types of wa
ste based on their density.
Factors of high level segregation:-

• The use of sensors in the segregation of waste is ex


pensive.
• It requires a large initial investment and even main
tenance.
• Automatic waste segregation is an idea with great p
otential and is a breakthrough in waste manageme
nt:
2) Moderate level:-
IoT based automated waste segregator for efficient recycling.
System flow:-
• The automated process of segregation starts with the de
tec-tion of garbage in the first compartment, where an I
R sensor and a metal detector [4] are placed. The IR sens
or is used for the detecting the presence of garbage in th
e compartment and the process of separation begins. on
ce garbage is detected by the IR sensor the metal detect
or becomes active and verifies if the garbage is of metal
wastes.
• When any metal object is present near the metal sensor
the magnetic field around it induces current in the metal
object, hence creating a loss and change in the electric fi
eld. Once metal is detected the contents in the first com
partment are sent directly to the storage compartment,
where three separate bins are used for metal, dry and w
et waste.
• When the contents of the first compartment are dee
med to be non-metallic, they are sent to the second c
ompartment where an IR sensor is used to verify the
presence of the garbage. Depending on the output gi
ven by the IR sensor the moisture sensor gets activat
ed or stays inactive. When the garbage is detected in
the second compartment, the moisture sensor beco
mes active and is used to decide if the contents to be
dry or wet waste. The decision is made using the cha
nge in the dielectric constant (solid bulk permittivity).
Higher permittivity suggests that the garbage contain
s water content and hence is deemed to be wet wast
e. Depending on the decision made by the moisture s
ensor the contents are sent to their respective bin.
• The storage compartment consists of a rotating tabl
e with three bins namely dry, wet and metal. The ro
tating table rotates according to the type of garbag
e detected in the previous compartments, for collec
ting the respective waste and after collection of gar
bage resets to a default position. The placement of
the bin for collection is programmed using delay/ti
me taken for the table to rotate.
• We have interfaced a NODEMCU module [1] [3] [5]
which gives us a feedback on the filling of bins. This
module also helps us to send information about the
filling of bins to municipal corporation [3] so that th
ey can come and collect the waste.
3)Basic level:-
Bin garbage sorting system for recycling.

• This waste segregator system can easily segregate wast


e. When waste is thrown in the pipe, IR sensor will sen
se the waste.
• Waste is divided into three categories namely Wet, Dry
and Metallic. Another sensor will sense the garbage cat
egory.
• As per the algorithm used, if the waste is metallic then
the mechanism will bring the metal collecting bin belo
w the pipe and with the help of servo motor the waste
will fall into the metal bin.
• Similarly, the process will repeat if wet waste is sensed.
If the sensor doesn’t activate both the sensor category
then the waste will be considered to be a dry waste.
Components:-
Also, we must imply motto of 3 R’s-
Reduce Recycle Reuse

•Reduce:-
The concept of reducing what is produced and what is c
onsumed is essential to the best hierarchy. The logic beh
ind it is simple to understand – if there is less waste, the
n there is less to recycle and reuse.
•Reuse:-
Reuse is the action or practice or a rule of using somethi
ng again, whether for its original purpose or to fulfill a di
fferent function . It should be distinguished from recyclin
g, which is the breaking down of used items to make raw
materials for the manufacture of new products. Reuse is
the most important part of the the three rs. Without Reu
se we can not maintain our environment.
•Recycling:-
Recycling is the process of converting waste or old
materials into new or fresh materials and objects.
Recycling can prevent or built the waste of potenti
ally useful materials (or in simple language built ne
w one from older) and reduce the consumption of
fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy usag
e, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollu
tion (from land filling). Recycling is a key componen
t or daily useable thing of modern waste reduction
and is the third component of the “Reduce, Reuse,
and Recycle” waste hierarchy. Thus, recycling aims
at environmental sustainability and it aims at longe
r by substituting raw material inputs into and redir
ecting waste outputs out of the economic system.
Conclusion:-

• Use of these techniques may reduce the daily wast


e in engineering fields, when we use these techniqu
es effectively.

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